17/09/2026
What is a Tibetan settlement?
If you follow Tibet Relief Fund, you'll often hear us talk about Tibetan settlements across India. But what exactly is a Tibetan settlement – and why are they there?
To answer that, we have to go back to Tibet.
Chinese forces entered Tibet in 1950. In the years that followed, Chinese control over the country increased and resistance grew. In March 1959, an uprising broke out in Lhasa and was crushed by Chinese forces.
The Dalai Lama escaped across the Himalayas into India. Tens of thousands of Tibetans followed into exile, leaving behind their homes, livelihoods and a country they could no longer safely remain in.
India gave refuge to Tibetans and, as it became clear that exile would not be temporary, settlements were established in different parts of the country.
Some were built around agriculture, with land providing families with a way to earn a living. Others developed around handicrafts, small businesses and other forms of employment.
But rebuilding life meant more than finding somewhere to live.
Tibetans established schools, monasteries and community institutions. Tibetan could continue to be spoken, read and taught. Religious traditions could be practised openly. Families separated from their homeland could build communities again.
More than six decades later, these settlements are still home to Tibetan communities.
They are not simply remnants of the refugee crisis of 1959. They are places where people live, work, study, worship, raise families and grow old – and where generations born in exile continue to build their lives.
Many of the programmes Tibet Relief Fund supports today are rooted in these communities.
So when you hear us talk about places such as Choephelling, Dekyiling and other Tibetan settlements across India, those names carry a much bigger story.
They exist because Tibetans were forced into exile.
What they built afterwards is a story of resilience, community and the determination to carry forward a way of life far from home.
Photo: Tibetan settlement houses, Bylakuppe, India. Frederic Martin Duchamp / Indian Senses. CC BY-NC-SA 3.0.