10/05/2026
One of the key underlying rationales for using standardized test scores as the central element of school accountability systems, from the passage of NCLB forward, is the need to demonstrate and remedy school inequities across different student populations. Civil rights advocates have relied on test score disparities to argue for more funding and resources in school finance litigation and in the halls of state legislatures. And yet over 25 years later, "achievement gaps" persist and education in poorer districts and segregated schools (see Nicole Hannah Jones's piece in the NYT) remains stubbornly unequal and, in many places, inadequate.
The lack of certain key inputs -- a well-paid, well-qualified, stable teaching force, rich and culturally appropriate curriculum, proper infrastructure, extra-curricular activities, high-level coursework, counselors, etc. -- are the true evidence of unequal and inadequate schools. As for outcomes, an adequate educate education is more than a test score or something that can be reduced to a test score; graduating students need to be fully prepared for the demands of participatory citizenship, personal growth in a complex society, and economic life.
In efforts to get states and districts to meet their obligations in education adequacy and school finance litigation, test scores are not necessary and in some cases interfere with plaintiffs’ chances of securing remedies that actually address root causes of inequity, meet individual community needs, and ensure education quality. Focusing on inputs and a broader set of outcomes rooted in students’ civic, social and economic flourishing provide more useful and compelling legal arguments with greater educational benefit. A paper published by Educational Accountability Remade (EAR) makes the case. I invite you to read it and join the conversation on school accountability and how we can best advocate for equitable and quality education for all students. https://ow.ly/Ye4150ZUuYH