14/10/2026
On this day in 1066, the Battle of Hastings was fought on Senlac Ridge, about seven miles north-west of Hastings, where the town of Battle stands today.
King Harold Godwinson had arrived the night before at “the hoar apple tree”, usually identified as Caldbec Hill, after marching his army from London. Many of his best men had fought at Stamford Bridge, near York, less than three weeks earlier. His brothers Gyrth and Leofwine commanded alongside him.
At dawn Duke William of Normandy advanced from Hastings over Telham Hill. Harold’s army stood on the ridge in a close shield wall of housecarls and thegns, backed by the fyrd, the shire levies. William’s army came in three divisions, Bretons on the left, Normans in the centre and French and Flemish troops on the right, using archers, heavy infantry and mounted knights.
The fighting lasted most of the day, unusually long for a medieval battle. Norman cavalry charges failed against the shield wall, and at one point a rumour spread that William had been killed until he lifted his helmet to show his face. Chroniclers describe retreats, some real and some feigned, that drew parts of the English line down the slope, where they were cut off.
Late in the afternoon Harold was killed. The Bayeux Tapestry shows a figure struck by an arrow near the eye, though whether that figure is Harold is still debated. Gyrth and Leofwine also died, and the English line broke as dusk fell.
William was crowned at Westminster Abbey on Christmas Day 1066. In penance for the bloodshed he founded Battle Abbey, with its high altar said to mark the spot where Harold fell. The abbey and battlefield are now cared for by English Heritage.
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