12/06/2026
From Civilian Rule to Real Democracy: What Must Change Before 2027
_By Emmanuel Kor.
Nigeria is marking 26 years of uninterrupted civilian rule under the Fourth Republic, the longest stretch of democratic governance since independence in 1960. Yet the gap between holding elections and practising democracy remains wide. If the 2027 general elections are to restore public trust, five issues must be addressed now:
1. Break the Cycle of Failed Republics
Nigeria’s First, Second, and Third Republics all collapsed amid electoral fraud, weak institutions, and political violence. The Fourth Republic has endured longer, but the underlying problems persist: godfatherism, vote buying, and compromised electoral processes.
Credible elections require an independent electoral body, transparent results collation, and swift prosecution of electoral offenders. Without these, each election cycle risks repeating the failures of the past.
2. Honour the June 12 Legacy
The annulled presidential election of June 12, 1993, won by Chief MKO Abiola, remains the benchmark for free and fair polls in Nigeria. Its cancellation set the country back by decades and deepened public cynicism.
The designation of June 12 as Democracy Day is a symbolic step, but the substance matters more. Rebuilding trust means ensuring that every vote counts and that the will of the people cannot be overturned by executive fiat.
3. Ensure Equal Application of the Rule of Law
A functional democracy rests on the principle that no one is above the law. The case of Nnamdi Kanu, leader of the Indigenous People of Biafra, who was convicted in November 2025 and sentenced to life imprisonment, has become a litmus test for the judiciary.
Delays, selective prosecution, and perceived political interference erode confidence in the courts. Speedy, fair, and transparent trials for all citizens, regardless of political affiliation, are essential to legitimacy.
End Insecurity in the North West and Middle Belt — or Risk National Food Crisis.
Insecurity is the most immediate threat to Nigeria’s democratic future and its economy.
In the North West, data from July 2024 to June 2025 recorded 2,938 kidnappings, with Zamfara State alone accounting for 1,203 cases. In the Middle Belt, Benue State suffered a massacre in Yelewata, Guma LGA, on June 14, 2025, where more than 200 people were confirmed killed. Reports indicate that 17 of Benue’s 23 local government areas are under sustained attack.
The human cost is compounded by an economic one. Farmers across Benue, Zamfara, Katsina, and Kaduna are abandoning their farms due to fear of attacks and abduction. In Benue, an estimated 40% of arable farmland is reportedly inaccessible. When farmers cannot cultivate, food production falls, prices rise, and hunger deepens.
A government that cannot secure farmland cannot guarantee food security. If this trend continues, insecurity will remain the primary driver of poverty and hunger in Nigeria.
5. Citizens Must Prepare for 2027 Now
Democracy cannot be left to politicians alone. For 2027 to mark a turning point, citizens must act:
1. Register and collect PVCs early to avoid last-minute disenfranchisement.
2. Vote based on track record and policy, not ethnicity, religion, or party loyalty.
3. Reject vote buying and report offenders.
4. Demand issue-based debates and manifestos before the polls.
5. Stay at polling units to observe counting and transmission of results.
6. Hold elected officials accountable between elections through civic engagement.
Conclusion: From Civilian Rule to Real Democracy
Nigeria has achieved civilian rule. The next step is real democracy, measured by security, justice, food security, and accountability.
The 2027 elections offer an opportunity to close the gap. But that will only happen if elections are credible, lives and farmlands are secure, and citizens are actively involved.
June 12 showed what is possible when Nigerians believe in the process. The question now is whether we will demand and defend that standard again.
Emmanuel Kor
Author.