06/20/2024
Yesterday marked the beginning of a special series being aired on Public Radio by Journalist Alexia Fernández Campbell a contributor to 40 Acres And A Lie, a three-part series featured in Mother Jones and the public radio show and podcast Reveal, which explores how the land loss deprived Black people of building intergenerational wealth. Part 1 focuses on a Black family on Edisto Island SC and the '40 acres and a mule', Special field order No. 15 and how it affected their ancestors.
"Special Field Orders No. 15 redistributed land either confiscated by the U.S. during the Civil War or abandoned from Charleston, South Carolina, to the St. Johns River near Jacksonville, Florida, and as far inland as thirty miles west from the coastline. Although not all of the land was abandoned, Congress previously decided that land owned by Confederate soldiers or supporters would be considered abandoned and able to be confiscated by the federal government. This totaled about 400,000 acres of land including the barrier islands that were historically home to cotton, rice, and sugar cane plantations. The land was to be divided so that newly freed families could settle on their own land. The 400,000 acres would be divided into 40 acre plots and distributed per family. In addition to receiving land, men were encouraged to join the U.S. Army to help support their newfound freedom. Sherman later announced that families could also lease a mule from the United States Army, giving them “40 acres and a mule.”
"After Lincoln’s assassination, President Johnson overturned the special field order. He stated that the confiscated land could only be held during wartime. After the war ended, the land would need to be returned to the landowners. After the land was restored, the Black families had few options, resulting in most becoming sharecroppers. This limited their financial opportunities and independence despite being free."
Our historical investigation found 1,250 formerly enslaved Black Americans who were given land – only to see it returned to their enslavers.