09/26/2026
In September 1861, just months after the Civil War began, a Black woman named Mary Smith Peake sat beneath a large live oak tree near Fort Monroe, Virginia, and began teaching formerly enslaved men, women, and children how to read. She was already gravely ill with tuberculosis and would die less than a year later, but she kept teaching anyway, because she believed literacy could not wait. ๐ณ
The tree became known as the Emancipation Oak. Fort Monroe itself had earned the nickname "Freedom's Fortress," because the Union general there had refused to return escaped enslaved people to Confederate owners, classifying them instead as "contraband of war," a legal loophole that effectively made the fort one of the first places in the country where enslaved people could reach safety before the Emancipation Proclamation even existed.
Peake's class under that oak eventually grew into the institution now known as Hampton University, one of the nation's oldest historically Black colleges. The tree itself still stands today on Hampton's campus, well over 100 years old, its canopy now stretching nearly 100 feet wide, and it is where the first Southern reading of the Emancipation Proclamation is believed to have taken place in January 1863. ๐
A dying woman teaching children under a tree became a university that still stands. What do you think she would say if she could see it now?