10/19/2026
Born in Berlin to Polish parents in 1829, Marie Elisabeth grew up in a world where opportunities for women in science and medicine were extremely limited. From an early age, she showed exceptional intelligence and determination, but she faced significant barriers simply because of her gender. Rather than accepting those limitations, she chose to challenge them—setting in motion a life dedicated to breaking down institutional barriers and expanding access to medical education.
Zakrzewska graduated from the midwifery program at Royal Charité Hospital in Berlin and moved to America with her sister Anna in 1853. After facing significant difficulties gaining work assisting and admittance to school, she obtained her medical degree in March 1856. She was one of only four women out of two hundred students to attend the medical school at Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio, a school unique in that it would admit women to its medical program. She went on to open The for and Children to provide women with medical treatment from physicians of their own s*x, to provide women with the opportunity to experience the clinical application of medicine, and to train nurses. She stressed her intentions to prove that women were just as capable as men to run a hospital and practice medicine.
Zakrzewska lived a successful life, breaking barriers that hindered women in practicing in the United States, founded hospitals for women, and pioneered the movement that opened the nursing profession to black women with the first black nurse in America graduating from the school in 1879.