10/08/2026
In prison, communication “preferences” are often not deaf/disabled incarcerated people's first choices, they are forced adaptations. Our findings show that deaf/disabled people use a wide range of communication methods in prisons. While many reported preferring speaking, lipreading, and writing, their ”preference” likely reflects what is actually available to them within carceral facilities.
Many of these communication practices are ineffective and can have harmful consequences, including misunderstandings and being denied access to critical information. Deaf/disabled people should not be forced to give up access to language, communication, or autonomy to accommodate an inaccessible prison system.