15/07/2026
Somewhere in Johannesburg, a worker in the energy sector is asking a question that nobody in Bonn has fully answered yet.
When the transition comes — will there be a job on the other side?
At SB64 Week 1 in Bonn, the Just Transition Work Programme was one of the most politically charged discussions on the agenda. Employment. Social protection. Economic diversification. Development pathways. All of it on the table — with parties holding fundamentally different visions of what just transition actually means.
African negotiators were consistent and clear: just transition must include poverty eradication, energy access, industrialisation and job creation. Not just emissions reductions.
That distinction matters enormously. Hundreds of millions of people across Africa still lack reliable electricity. Africa has not yet had the chance to industrialise on its own terms. A transition that asks Africa to phase out fossil fuels before it has had the chance to develop is not just — no matter how green it looks on paper.
This broader development framing increasingly distinguishes African positions from those focused primarily on emissions reductions. And it will be one of the clearest political divides heading toward COP31.
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