31/10/2026
🔨 **MASONIC EDUCATION: A.F. & A.M. vs. F. & A.M.**
**What's the difference—and does it actually matter?**
If you've spent any time looking at Lodges across the United States, you've probably noticed something curious.
Some identify themselves as:
**A.F. & A.M.**
Others:
**F. & A.M.**
And occasionally you'll encounter variations such as **A.F.M.** or **F.A.A.M.**
So naturally a newer Brother might wonder:
**Are these different kinds of Freemasonry?**
Not really.
And the story behind those few letters takes us straight into one of the great family arguments of Masonic history.
🇬🇧 **THE ANTIENTS AND THE MODERNS**
During the eighteenth century, England actually had **two rival Grand Lodges**.
The first Grand Lodge was established in London in 1717.
Then, in 1751, another Grand Lodge appeared, formed largely by Irish Masons in London who believed the older Grand Lodge had departed from traditional Masonic practices.
Here's where the names become wonderfully confusing.
The **older** Grand Lodge became known as the:
**“Moderns.”**
The **newer** Grand Lodge called itself the:
**“Antients.”**
Yes.
The newer guys were the Antients.
The older guys were the Moderns.
Welcome to Masonic history. 😂
The names weren't really about which organization was older. They reflected a disagreement over which group was preserving the older practices of the Craft.
⚔️ **AND THEY DIDN'T EXACTLY GET ALONG**
The two Grand Lodges operated alongside one another for more than 60 years.
They differed in certain practices and ritual customs, and for much of that period **neither recognized the other as regular**.
Both also chartered Lodges beyond England.
That becomes very important to our story.
Because Freemasonry was spreading throughout Britain's North American colonies.
The Grand Lodges of England, Ireland and Scotland—and eventually both rival English Grand Lodges—established Masonic bodies across North America. The Antients were particularly successful through military Lodges, helping carry their form of Masonry overseas.
Then came the American Revolution.
Eventually, independent Grand Lodges developed within the individual American states.
But those Grand Lodges didn't all share precisely the same Masonic ancestry.
Some had stronger historical connections to the **Antients**.
Others to the **Moderns**.
And traces of those histories remain with us.
🤔 **SO WHAT DO THE LETTERS MEAN?**
Generally:
**A.F. & A.M.**
Ancient Free and Accepted Masons
**F. & A.M.**
Free and Accepted Masons
You may also encounter:
**A.F.M.**
Ancient Free Masons
and
**F.A.A.M.**
Free and Accepted Masons
But here's the important part:
**These letters aren't Masonic rankings.**
An A.F. & A.M. Mason isn't “more ancient” than an F. & A.M. Mason.
And an F. & A.M. Mason isn't practicing some lesser form of the Craft.
Today, the differences between recognized American jurisdictions using these titles are generally matters of **history, jurisdiction, terminology and particular ritual or administrative traditions** rather than completely different forms of Freemasonry.
🤝 **THE FAMILY ARGUMENT ENDS**
Something remarkable eventually happened back in England.
The Antients and Moderns reconciled.
On **December 27, 1813**, the two rival Grand Lodges united to create the:
**UNITED GRAND LODGE OF ENGLAND.**
That union produced considerable standardization in English Masonic ritual, procedure and regalia, although different Masonic workings and traditions continued to develop around the world.
So the Antients and Moderns disappeared as competing English Grand Lodges.
But across the Atlantic, their historical fingerprints remained.
And more than two centuries later, we can still see some of them in those little letters following the names of American Grand Lodges.
🔨 **WHAT ABOUT PRINCE HALL FREEMASONRY?**
This deserves particular attention because Prince Hall Masonry isn't some imitation or modern offshoot of American Freemasonry.
Its documented Masonic lineage reaches directly into the eighteenth century.
On **March 6, 1775**, Prince Hall and fourteen other Black men were made Masons through Lodge No. 441 on the Irish Registry, attached to the British Army's 38th Regiment of Foot.
After the military Lodge departed, Hall and his Brethren operated under limited authority while seeking a proper warrant.
They petitioned the Grand Lodge of England.
And on **September 29, 1784**, it issued a charter for:
**African Lodge No. 459.**
Prince Hall was later appointed Provincial Grand Master in 1791. Lodges were subsequently established in Philadelphia and Rhode Island, and in 1808 representatives formed the African Grand Lodge, from which the Prince Hall Grand Lodge tradition developed.
For generations, racial segregation and discrimination resulted in mainstream American Grand Lodges and Prince Hall Grand Lodges frequently existing beside one another without mutual recognition.
That situation has changed dramatically, although **recognition remains jurisdictional** and should always be checked between the particular Grand Lodges concerned.
And that brings us to perhaps the most important lesson in this entire discussion.
⚠️ **THE LETTERS DON'T DETERMINE REGULARITY**
This is where people sometimes get themselves into trouble.
You cannot simply look at:
**A.F. & A.M.**
or
**F. & A.M.**
and determine whether a Lodge is regular or recognized.
Those initials alone don't establish legitimacy.
**Recognition happens between sovereign Grand Lodges.**
That distinction matters.
Two jurisdictions can use different initials and recognize one another perfectly well.
Conversely, someone could put impressive-sounding Masonic initials on a building, page or certificate and that wouldn't magically establish regularity.
If you're travelling and you're unsure whether you can visit another Lodge:
**Don't guess from the letters.**
Check with your Grand Lodge.
🌎 **ONE CRAFT — MANY TRADITIONS**
And personally, this is the part of Masonic history I enjoy.
We sometimes imagine Freemasonry as though somebody sat down centuries ago, wrote one universal system and distributed identical copies around the world.
That's not what happened.
Freemasonry travelled.
It crossed oceans.
Military Lodges carried it.
Immigrants carried it.
Different Grand Lodges carried it.
Ritual evolved.
Jurisdictions developed their own customs.
Words changed.
Officer titles sometimes changed.
Procedures changed.
And yet a Brother can travel thousands of kilometres, enter a recognized Lodge working somewhat differently from his own...
and still recognize the **Craft**.
So the next time you see:
**A.F. & A.M.**
beside
**F. & A.M.**
don't think:
**“Which one is the real Freemasonry?”**
Think:
**“There's a little piece of eighteenth-century Masonic history still hiding in those letters.”**
More than 200 years after the Antients and Moderns finally shook hands...
their descendants are still reminding us where they came from.
🔨 **Different initials.
Different jurisdictions.
Different workings.
Shared history.
Shared Brotherhood.**
And maybe that's a pretty Masonic ending to an old family argument.