Hematology World Foundation

05/06/2026

Ya está disponible la grabación de sobre trombocitopenia inmune primaria y evidencia en vida real a partir de datos agregados.

La sesión analiza eficacia y seguridad de avatrombopag en pacientes adultos con PTI 👉 https://seth.es/formacion/trombocitopenia-inmune-primaria-evidencia-vida-real-partir-datos-agregados

25/05/2026

23/05/2026

The clearance of red blood cells is a tightly controlled process central to hematologic homeostasis. This study investigates the role of ALX/FPR2 signaling in splenic erythrophagocytosis, exploring how immune pathways regulate red cell turnover and contribute to physiological and pathological processes.
https://haematologica.org/article/view/12270

22/05/2026

Thymoma-associated aplastic anemia with concurrent Good syndrome

A 44-year-old man presented with dyspnea, dry cough, ecchymoses, and a 10-kg weight loss. He was pancytopenic (white blood cell count, 2.03 × 109/L; hemoglobin, 6.5 g/dL; platelet count, 13 × 109/L). Bone marrow showed near-complete aplasia with scattered lymphocytes, macrophages, and stromal cells (panel A, original magnification ×400, hematoxylin and eosin [H&E] stain). Computed tomography showed an anterior mediastinal mass consistent with thymoma (panel B). Pathologic evaluation after thymectomy confirmed thymoma (mixed type A/B; panel C, original magnification ×200, H&E stain). Evaluation for viral infections, autoimmune disease, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, and inherited marrow failure was negative. Lymphocyte subsets showed B-cell lymphopenia (CD19+ lymphocyte count below linear range), hypogammaglobulinemia (immunoglobulin A [IgA], 24 mg/dL; IgG, 374 mg/dL; and IgM, 12 mg/dL), and impaired T-cell proliferation (mitogen stimulation). The patient was diagnosed with aplastic anemia and Good syndrome (an acquired immunodeficiency characterized by thymoma and combined B- and T-cell dysfunction).
Thymoma is commonly associated with pure red cell aplasia; this case highlights its less recognized association with aplastic anemia and underscores the need for immune evaluation. The patient was treated with an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant using a 10/10 HLA-matched sibling donor, after conditioning with cyclophosphamide/antithymocyte globulin, and graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis with cyclosporine and methotrexate. As of this writing, he is at day 100 and has achieved donor engraftment with full donor chimerism.
https://ashpublications.org/blood/article/147/21/2554/568424/Thymoma-associated-aplastic-anemia-with-concurrent

22/05/2026

Brain Abscess Following CPX-351 Treatment in a Patient With Acute Myeloid Leukemia

CPX-351, a liposomal formulation of daunorubicin and cytarabine, has emerged as an important induction regimen for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with myelodysplasia-related changes (AML–MRC), particularly among older adults and patients with therapy-related AML. Compared with conventional intensive chemotherapy, CPX-351 is associated with lower gastrointestinal toxicity, potentially reducing the risk of Gram-negative bacteremia secondary to mucosal barrier injury. However, it induces prolonged and profound myelosuppression, increasing susceptibility to severe infections, particularly those caused by Gram-positive organisms, such as catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs).

Central nervous system (CNS) infections during AML treatment are uncommon, and brain abscesses are particularly rare and challenging to diagnose or manage. Reported pathogens include Bacillus cereus, fungal species such as Aspergillus and Mucorales, and, more rarely, Acanthamoeba. These infections often lead to considerable neurological deficits and can be fatal. Although advances in antimicrobial therapy and surgical techniques have improved survival in some cases, early diagnosis and prompt intervention remain crucial.
Read more: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/crh/3668400

19/05/2026

16/05/2026

A Rare Presentation of Mixed Warm and Cold Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is characterized by the destruction of red blood cells initiated by autoantibodies and/or complement, with macrophages, T-lymphocytes, and cytokines serving as key amplifiers of the hemolytic process. Warm AIHA (wAIHA) is broadly defined as a condition in which autoantibodies, predominantly of the IgG subclass, display optimal binding to RBC antigens at body temperature (37°C). In cold AIHA (cAIHA), autoantibodies are usually of the IgM subclass and bind to RBC antigens most efficiently at lower temperatures (4°C), typically in the range of 0°C–4°C.
wAIHA is the most common form of AIHA. In wAIHA, IgG autoantibodies are generally directed against Rh complex antigens on the RBC membrane, causing extravascular hemolysis (principally in the spleen). In contrast, cAIHA is mediated more often by IgM antibodies with specificity for I/i antigens. cAIHA is dominated by extravascular hemolysis but can rarely include intravascular hemolysis depending on the extent of terminal complement activation. This occurs if complement activation proceeds beyond C3, leading to the formation of C5 convertase and, eventually, the membrane attack complex. This is very important when choosing a therapeutic intervention.
While the two main categories of AIHA are warm (wAIHA) and cold (cAIHA), in exceedingly rare circumstances, some patients can present with both warm and cold autoantibodies, resulting in what is termed mixed AIHA. Mixed AIHA presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to the interrelationship between IgG and IgM hemolysis. The underlying mechanisms driving mixed AIHA remain poorly defined, further complicating diagnosis. As a result, a thorough diagnostic evaluation is often necessary, incorporating serologic testing, flow cytometry, and assessment for systemic conditions such as lymphoproliferative disorders, infections, or other autoimmune diseases. Management requires individualized therapeutic strategies that address both warm and cold autoantibodies, with careful consideration of ongoing hemolysis and the potential toxicities of treatment.
Read more: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/crh/8805562

16/05/2026

Next-generation IHC: identifying TP53 mutation origin in a bone marrow with concurrent CLL and AML

A 73-year-old man with a 7-year history of untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) with mutated IGHV presented with new-onset anemia and thrombocytopenia. Bone marrow was hypercellular (95%) (panel A, hematoxylin and eosin [H&E], 4× objective). In addition to the CLL infiltrate (panel B, PAX5 immunohistochemistry [IHC], 4× objective), it showed increased blasts (panel C, CD34 IHC, 4× objective), decreased granulopoiesis, and dysplastic megakaryocytes (panel D, H&E, 20× objective). A subset of blasts expressed the erythroid marker CD71 (panel E, 20× objective) and the megakaryocytic marker CD61 (panel F, 20× objective). A diagnosis of CLL and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with erythroid/megakaryocytic differentiation was made. Next-generation sequencing detected multiple mutations, including TP53 (c.745A>G, p.R249G, variant allelic frequency

16/05/2026

A Case of Acute Myelogenous Leukemia in Long-Term Remission After Severe Infection Following Only One Course of Chemotherapy

Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is a disease caused by the proliferation of tumor cells in the bone marrow. Standard treatment for AML consists of induction remission therapy, followed by consolidation therapy, with a total of five to six courses of chemotherapy. According to a previous report, 77.5% of AML patients who undergo induction remission therapy with daunomycin and cytarabine achieve remission. However, even after four courses of consolidation therapy, the 5-year disease-free survival rate is only 39%. Thus, the majority of AML patients eventually relapse.
Reportedly, among patients with AML, remission can be achieved without chemotherapy. This remission is called spontaneous remission (SR). In a study analyzing 46 cases of SR in AML, 91.3% of the patients experienced a febrile episode prior to remission, most commonly due to pneumonia (54.5%) and bacteremia (24.2%). However, the median duration of remission with SR is as short as 5 months.
Currently, the mechanism of SR in AML is unclear. However, in previous reports, most patients developed infections, suggesting an association between SR and the development of infectious diseases. Furthermore, the median duration of remission is only 5 months.
Read more: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/crh/5567757

13/05/2026

Leukemia Cutis at Initial Diagnosis of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Consistent With Therapy-Related Disease After Lung Cancer Chemotherapy: A Case Report

Leukemia cutis (LC) refers to infiltration of the skin by neoplastic leukocytes, most commonly in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and T-cell lineages. While most cases occur in patients with known leukemia, primary manifestation preceding systemic disease is uncommon, with about 23%–44% of cases preceding leukemia diagnosis. The pathogenesis of LC is thought to involve chemokine receptors, integrins, and adhesion molecules promoting skin homing. Clinically, LC can present as papules, nodules, macules, plaques, or ulcers, often on the trunk, extremities, and face. LC frequently indicates advanced disease and poor prognosis. Risk factors for leukemogenesis include exposure to benzene, ionizing radiation, alkylating agents, and viruses. Because LC can mimic other inflammatory or infectious dermatoses, biopsy and appropriate immunohistochemistry and, when possible, molecular profiling are essential for diagnosis.
Read more: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/crh/1198642