08/21/2026
Good morning,Paula
There is a nation living on the edge of metro Phoenix whose language belongs to the Colorado River, clear across the state. 🌊
The Piipaash, long called the Maricopa, speak a Yuman language. Their nearest relatives on the language tree are Quechan and Mohave, both spoken on the Colorado. Beginning in the 1820s, band by band, Piipaash groups left that river and moved east. The last of them is said to have left the Colorado in the late 1830s. They regathered along the Gila, where they met the Akimel O'odham and formed an alliance that has held ever since.
Here is the detail that carries the whole history in one number. In a study conducted in 1956, Piipaash speakers found Quechan 98 percent intelligible. Mohave came in at 67 percent. The Pai languages of northern Arizona, Yavapai, Hualapai and Havasupai, tested between 10 and 18 percent. More than a century after the move, the language still pointed straight back down the river they had left. 🏜️
The Xalychidom Piipaash, whose name means Upriver People, later moved once more, to the place now called Lehi, because water in the Gila was growing scarce. When the Salt River reservation was established in 1879 it took in both peoples, and O'odham and Piipaash have shared one community and one government from that day to this. Two nations, two entirely unrelated language families, one seal. Today the Community counts fewer than ten fluent first-language Piipaash speakers, and its language program exists to change that number. 🌾