04/30/2024
April 30, 1803: US negotiators signed a treaty with France to purchase the 828,000 square miles of the Lousiana territory for $15 million, or around 4 cents an acre, doubling the size of the country and securing the entirety of the Mississippi and Missouri rivers.
President Thomas Jefferson, who had sent Robert Livingston and James Madison to France with the aim of purchasing only the port of New Orleans and the Floridas, hailed the vastly larger acquisition as a boon to the security and economy of the young nation:
"While the property and sovereignty of the Mississippi and its waters secure an independent outlet for the produce of the Western States, and an uncontrolled navigation through their whole course, free from collision with other powers and the dangers to our peace from that source, the fertility of the country, its climate and extent, promise in due season important aids to our treasury, an ample provision for our posterity, and a wide-spread field for the blessings of freedom and equal laws." (Third Annual Message, 1803)