06/10/2026
On this day, 110 years ago, Sharif Hussein bin Ali of Mecca declared Arab independence from Ottoman rule and launched an Arab revolt. Encouraged by assurances from British High Commissioner Henry McMahon, Hussein sought to establish an independent Arab state stretching from Aden in the south to Aleppo in the north, encompassing much of the Arab provinces of the Ottoman Empire, including present-day Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Jordan, and Iraq.
The revolt began in Mecca, which was liberated in July 1916, and soon expanded across the Hijaz. With support from British and French naval forces, Arab forces captured key Red Sea ports, including Jeddah, Yanbu, and Wejh, weakening Ottoman control over the region. While Medina remained under Ottoman control until after the end of the First World War, the capture of Aqaba in July 1917 secured a vital strategic link between Arab and British forces and facilitated their advance northward.
The Arab revolt holds a significant place in regional history, symbolizing aspirations for Arab independence and self-determination. Yet, even as Arab forces fought alongside the British against the Ottoman Empire, Britain and France were secretly negotiating the Sykes–Picot Agreement, which divided much of the Arab East into spheres of influence. This was followed by the Balfour Declaration, in which Britain expressed support for the establishment of a "national home for the Jewish people" in Palestine. Together, these agreements and promises contradicted Arab expectations of independence and helped lay the foundations for the colonial mandates that emerged after the war, profoundly shaping the future of Palestine and the wider region.
Explore all these historical events on the Interactive Encyclopedia of the Palestine Question. documents the key events, people, and places that have shaped modern Palestinian history with content available in English and Arabic:
Event - On the strength of the assurances he received from McMahon , Sharif Hussein of Mecca declares Arab independence from Ottoman rule and starts the...