10/15/2026
Hydrilla can help a deadly poison enter a lake’s food chain.
Tiny bacteria grow on its leaves. Hydrilla also collects bromide from its surroundings. The bacteria use that bromide as an ingredient to make a poison that harms brains and nerves.
Fish can be hurt, too. Grass carp that ate contaminated plants developed damage in their brains and spinal cords. In lab tests, young zebrafish exposed to the poison twitched, lost their balance, and could die.
Birds eat contaminated plants, and eagles can become sick or die after eating those birds. Hydrilla alone isn’t poisonous—it helps the harmful bacteria grow and make their poison.
Study: Breinlinger et al., Science, 2021.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8318203/