05/29/2026
Happy Birdy Friday!
If a trip into the high country is in your future, a bird you will surely hear, and hopefully see, is the Pygmy Nuthatch. As you might have guessed, this bird is tiny, and its lifestyle usually places it up in the tops of tall long-leaf pine trees—not the best viewing conditions. Luckily, this species is prone to chattering away within its extended family group, and it’s not unusual to find flocks of seven to ten individuals. Rare among North American songbirds, the Pygmy Nuthatch is a cooperative breeder, with one-third of breeding pairs having one to three male nest helpers, often the pair’s own offspring from previous years. These helpers feed incubating females, nestlings, and fledglings, and help defend the nest site. Even more unique, Pygmy Nuthatches employ several techniques for surviving winters at high elevation since they don’t migrate or move downslope much. They are able to withstand cold nights by choosing well-insulated cavities, huddling together, and allowing their body temperature to drop into hypothermia. The Vaux’s Swift is the only other North American bird to combine these three behaviors. Extended nuthatch families roost together, stacked on top of each other in curious shapes (squares, triangles, diamonds!), and even neighboring families join in during the coldest weather. In the 1950s, one study noted 150 Pygmy Nuthatches roosting in a single tree—at least 100 in a single hole!
In Southeast Arizona, Pygmy Nuthatches can be found in mountain forests of ponderosa pine, Southwestern white pine, and aspen. Since they are cavity nesters, they do best in areas unaffected by fires and logging, where the oldest and largest trees (alive and dead) can be found. They feed on weevils and bark beetles, and in some locations their winter diet shifts to pine seeds they have stored in tree bark. Pygmy Nuthatches are busy little birds, often heard before seen. Typical for nuthatches, there is no real separation between their calls and songs. They are rarely quiet, so listen for their high-pitched "peep" calls—if they continue for over two minutes, that’s considered a song!
-Matt Griffiths Communications Manager
Image by Shawn Cooper