08/16/2023
OLD TESTAMENT vs. NEW TESTAMENT
Are They Different or Do They Complement Each Other?
By: JD Merrick Facebook: The Inmate Pulpit © 08/07/23
One of the most debatable subjects ever to confront Christianity, dating back to the 2nd or 3rd century, is whether or not the Old and New Testaments complement each other. Ask most Christians and their so-called Bible scholars, and they will adamantly insist that the New Testament cancels the Old and the Old Testament is only good for its historical content. Any so-called scholar who pushes this radical view is not qualified to teach the Bible, let alone have a conversation about the Bible without running the risk of misleading others. This is why the brother of Yeshua said not many should become Bible teachers. James 3:1.
The Old Testament (we will call it the Tanakh for reasons I will explain soon) is the benchmark against which all subsequent revelation and divine instructions must be checked. See, e.g., 2 Timothy 3:15-17 Romans 15:4. Divine revelation may be progressive as the prophets reveal more about God and His plan, but subsequent revelations cannot contradict or supplant the initial revelation. We cannot use a later revelation of God to supersede an earlier one because that would deny God's integrity and immutability. In other words, the God who revealed Himself in the Old Testament is the same God who revealed Himself in His blessed Son, Yeshua the Messiah. Matthew 5:17-21. The New Testament can never supplant the Tanakh in any way, shape, or form. God is the same yesterday, today, and tomorrow. Hebrews 13:8. Those who assert and argue that differences can be found between the Testaments are people who are ignorant and do not adequately comprehend the Scriptures.
People who try to convince others that the Tanakh is nothing more than a book of antiquated laws done away with in Yeshua are actually doing the work of the Devil, whether they realize it or not. Of these persons, the Apostle Paul writes, "For such are false messengers, deceitful workers, transforming themselves into apostles (messengers) of Messiah. And no wonder! For Satan himself transforms himself into an angel of light. Therefore, it is no great thing if his ministers also transform themselves into ministers of righteousness, whose end will be according to their works." 2 Corinthians 11:13-15.
Yeshua was careful to address this very issue early on in His ministry, at Matthew 5:17-19.
Do not think that I came to destroy the Tanakh (the law or the prophets). I did not come to destroy but to fulfill (i.e., to make replete, to give it full understanding). For assuredly I say to you, till heaven and earth pass away, one jot or title will by no means pass from the law till all is fulfilled. Whoever therefore breaks one of the least of these commandments, and teaches men so, shall be called least in the kingdom of heaven, but whoever does and teaches them, he shall be called great in the kingdom of heaven.
The Tanakh is an acronym, like the F.B.I. (Federal Bureau of Investigation).
T = Torah (Laws of Moses/Divine Obstructions)
N = Nevi'im (Prophets: Isaiah, Jeremiah, etc.)
KH = Ketuvim (Writings: Psalms, Chronicles, etc.)
Whenever the Israelites referred to the Scriptures, they NEVER referred to it as the bible -- and the first believers in Messiah NEVER made distinctions between the Old and New Testaments. The so-called Old Testament was always referred to as the Tanakh. E.g., Luke 24:44. In shorthand, the Tanakh was called the Scriptures. Luke 24:45 and 2 Timothy 3:15-16.
The New Testament was early in antiquity called the New Covenant, but NEVER the New Testament. The only reason it was identified as the New Covenant is because of passages like Jeremiah 31:31. Believers rightfully concluded that the apostolic writings was a fulfillment of Jeremiah 31:31-34:
Behold the days are coming, says the LORD, when I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah-- not according to the covenant I made with their fathers in the day I took them by the hand to lead them out of the land of Egypt, my covenant which they broke, though I was a husband to them, says the LORD. But this is the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after those days, says the LORD:
I will put my Torah in their minds and write it on their hearts, and I will be their God, and they shall be my people. No more shall every man teach his neighbor, and every man his brother, 'Know the LORD,' for they all shall know me, from the least of them to the greatest of them, says the LORD. For I will forgive their iniquity, and their sin I will remember no more.
The Tanakh is a book of glory. It isn't just a list of rules like many so-called preachers assert. The Tanakh is a revelation of God and His divine splendor. For example, in the book of Exodus, Moses said to God, "Show me your glory." This means show me who you really are. Reveal yourself to me. God began revealing Himself to Moses, and now to us, saying, "The LORD, the LORD, the compassionate and gracious God, slow to anger, abounding in love and faithfulness, maintaining love to thousands, and forgiving wickedness, rebellion and sin." Exodus 34:6-7.
The Old Testament isn't an Old Testament. No more is The New Testament new. The word testament is a poor translation. The actual word is covenant. Old Covenant and New Covenant. See Hebrews 7:22; 8:6-10. The word "testament" means a statement. The New Testament is not new at all. The Old Covenant spoke of a Messiah, and it told us who he was and what would happen when he came. E.g., see Genesis 3:15; 49:8-12; Deuteronomy 18:15-19; 1 Samuel 7:14; Psalm 22; Isaiah 53, etc. This is just a fraction of the specific and accurate prophecies about the Messiah. All of these passages (and more) came to fruition and were recorded vis--vis the New Covenant. As Yeshua declared, "Think not that I have come to abolish the Tanakh. I have not. I came to fulfill it." Unfortunately, far too many untrained preachers claim that this means he brought an end to the law and the prophecies, which clearly contradicts the words of Messiah.
Just because God makes a new covenant with man, it doesn't mean that the older covenant is negated. When God makes a covenant with man, the covenant is eternal. It never goes away. Name one covenant the Bible says was done away with? You won't find a single one. See, e.g., Genesis 9:11-12, 16; 17:7, 13; Exodus 31:16; Numbers 18:19; 25:13; etc., etc. Any and all covenants found in the Older Covenant are still relevant in the Newer Covenant and today.
Another failed argument made by false teachers has to do with God's character. In the Old Covenant, false teachers say that God was angry, wrathful, and lacked mercy toward His creation. They assert that the God in the New Covenant is a God of mercy and compassion. This failed argument is one of the reasons why most Christians read and study out of the New Covenant, almost completely ignoring the Older Covenant.
Again, this argument is erroneous for a couple of reasons. First, the most obvious reason is that God never changes. Malachi 3:6. He is the same in the Older! And Newer Covenants. Secondly, God does not make mistakes, so whatever He did in the Old Covenant He is free to do again in the New Covenant and in the future. This includes destroying millions of people on Judgement Day, including those who deliberately deny divinity, His sovereignty and practice violating his laws. See e.g., Hebrews 6:4-6 and 10:26-29; Matthew 13:47-50.
I like to think of the covenants this way. The Older Covenant is a portrait of God, and the Newer Covenant is that portrait made alive. This is not in any way to suggest that God wasn't alive and present in the Older Covenant. On the contrary, He was very much alive and present in the Older Covenant. I mean only that mankind is first introduced to God in the Older Covenant by way of His word and Spirit. In the Newer Covenant God was presented to man in person through His Son, Yeshua, the blessed Messiah.
In closing, both covenants, the Older and Newer, are incredibly relevant together. Paul relied heavily on the teachings and laws of the Older Covenant when it came to presenting the Messiah and the Laws of God by which we must all try very hard to uphold. Romans 15:4; 2 Timothy 3:15:17. Anyone who separates the two covenants, or who elevates one above the other, is not a servant of the Lord but rather a disciple of the Devil.
Praise God!
Scripture Index:
1 Samuel 7:14
2 Corinthians 11:13-15
2 Timothy 3:15-16
2 Timothy 3:15-17
Deuteronomy 18:15-19
Exodus 31:16
Exodus 34:6-7
Genesis 3:15; 49:8-12
Genesis 9:11-12, 16; 17:7, 13
Hebrews 13:8
Hebrews 6:4-6 and 10:26-29
Hebrews 7:22; 8:6-10
Isaiah 53
James 3:1
Jeremiah 31:31
Jeremiah 31:31-34
Luke 24:44
Luke 24:45
Malachi 3:6
Matthew 13:47-50
Matthew 5:17-21
Numbers 18:19; 25:13
Psalm 22
Romans 15:4
Romans 15:4; 2
Timothy 3:15:17