05/21/2026
Today the church commemorates the emperor Constantine, Christian ruler, and Helena, his mother.
Emperor Constantine (c. 272–337) was the first Roman emperor to convert to Christianity, and he legalized Christianity throughout the region with the Edict of Milan in 313. Previously, it was legal to persecute Roman Christians. Constantine also was involved in the Council of Nicaea (325), a council he himself summoned, which dealt with the issue of Arianism and produced the Nicene Creed.
According to the church historian Eusebius, Constantine's conversion also inspired his mother, Helena, to become Christian. Helena herself played an important role in Christian history: Deeply interested in history and the sites mentioned in the New Testament, she went on a Holy Land pilgrimage. During her time there, she identified several sites associated with Scripture, many of which are still maintained as churches and pilgrimage sites to this day. She also is said to have discovered the True Cross. Obviously, the topic of cross relics is a bit controversial—you've probably heard that Luther remarked there were enough fragments of the True Cross to build an ark (though, we haven't been able to track down the quote, so it might be apocryphal). This story, found in the Golden Legend, Eusebius, and elsewhere, though, was very influential, as you can see from the 1525 painting of Helena with the True Cross by Luther's friend Lucas Cranach.
Image source:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Brosen_icon_constantine_helena.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lucas_Cranach_the_Elder_-_Saint_Helena_with_the_Cross_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg