08/24/2026
Ever wondered about the differences between CAR T-cell therapy and stem cell therapy for treating scleroderma? Check out the latest edition of Your Scleroderma Questions, Answered, a monthly Q&A column featuring responses from the SRF’s Chief Medical Officer, Dr. Gregory Gordon.
Q: What is the difference between stem cell therapy and CAR T-cell therapy?
A: Stem cell therapy and CAR T-cell therapy are both being used to try to reset an overactive immune system in scleroderma, but they work in different ways. With stem cell therapy, medications are used to essentially wipe out the patient’s existing immune system, then rebuild it using stem cells that were collected beforehand. Think of it as a full reset; the treatment clears out the immune cells causing the disease along with everything else, then starts fresh. This is a more established option, backed by several clinical trials, and is available today. It’s an intensive treatment with real risks, so it’s typically reserved for more severe cases.
CAR T-cell therapy takes a more targeted approach. Doctors remove some of the patient’s own T-cells (a type of immune cell) and re-engineer them in a lab to recognize and destroy a specific cell type that is believed to play a role in the tissue damage in scleroderma. The CAR T-cells are then re-infused into the patient, where they destroy those cells. This approach was originally developed for cancer treatment and is now being explored for autoimmune diseases, but it’s still experimental and only available through clinical trials.
Read Dr. Gordon’s full answer, along with his response to another community-submitted question, and submit your own questions at the link in the first comment below.