04/22/2026
This , the Journal of Human Lactation (JHL) invites our global community of researchers and clinicians to consider the ecological impact of infant feeding.
Breastfeeding is not just a health choice—it is an environmental necessity. Research indicates that human milk is a zero-carbon, waste-free nourishment system. Conversely, the industrial production of human milk substitutes contributes significantly to greenhouse gas emissions, water depletion, and plastic waste.
We invite you to explore these articles highlighting the ways that breastfeeding and the climate impact one another:
The Climate Crisis and Breastfeeding: Opportunities for Resilience
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/08903344231216726
Cerceo E, Saxer K, Grossman L, Shapley-Quinn K, Feldman-Winter L. The Climate Crisis and Breastfeeding: Opportunities for Resilience. Journal of Human Lactation. 2024;40(1):33-50. doi:10.1177/08903344231216726
Allomilk: An Anthropogeny-Based Framework for Human Milk as a Climate Solution
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/08903344241271344
Little EE. Allomilk: An Anthropogeny-Based Framework for Human Milk as a Climate Solution. Journal of Human Lactation. 2024;40(4):625-632. doi:10.1177/08903344241271344
Breastfeeding and Climate Change: Overlapping Vulnerabilities and Integrating Responses
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0890334420920223
Zadkovic S, Lombardo N, Cole DC. Breastfeeding and Climate Change: Overlapping Vulnerabilities and Integrating Responses. Journal of Human Lactation. 2021;37(2):323-330. doi:10.1177/0890334420920223
Climate Change and Infant Nutrition: Estimates of Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Milk Formula Sold in Selected Asia Pacific Countries
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0890334421994769
Dadhich J, Smith JP, Iellamo A, Suleiman A. Climate Change and Infant Nutrition: Estimates of Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Milk Formula Sold in Selected Asia Pacific Countries. Journal of Human Lactation. 2021;37(2):314-322. doi:10.1177/0890334421994769