08/21/2026
For decades, the beef industry has debated the relationship between increasing carcass weights and mature cow size. Are heavier carcasses simply the result of bigger cows?
New analysis from Paul Beck, Ph.D., of Oklahoma State University takes a deeper look at more than 60 years of data and provides a more complete picture.
While mature cow weights have steadily increased over time, carcass efficiency has improved at a faster rate. Especially over the past two decades. The data shows that heavier carcasses are not simply the result of larger-framed cows, but also reflect progress in:
✅ Genetic selection
✅ Improved EPDs and selection tools
✅ Nutrition and management strategies
✅ Identifying cattle that can produce more efficiently
The advancement of genetic tools has changed how producers select cattle. Today, breeders can identify animals with the genetic potential for improved carcass traits and efficiency without relying solely on physical size.
The takeaway? Frame size is not the only path to increased production.
Through intentional genetic selection and sound management practices, producers can build cattle that are efficient, productive, and profitable without simply increasing cow size. Better genetics are an investment that continues to pay dividends, not just for today’s calf crop, but for generations to come.
