The Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts (CSNTM)

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The Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts (CSNTM)

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CSNTM is a non-profit organization dedicated to digitally preserving Greek New Testament manuscripts.

10/15/2026

Explore the latest additions to our Digital Manuscript Collection!

This week’s new manuscripts include an ornate Gospel lectionary and a composite manuscript containing a variety of writings.

Swipe to learn about each artifact, then visit the link below to explore high-resolution images of these manuscripts, digitally preserved and made freely available through CSNTM sponsorship.

🔗 https://buff.ly/n7rH8IX

10/13/2026

One of the most well-known textual problems of the NT occurs at Luke 22:43-44, the narrative about Jesus praying in the Garden of Gethsemene immediately prior to his trials and subsequent crucifixion.

These verses include the memorable details of an angel comforting Jesus and the sweat of Christ being "like drops of blood." The editors of NA28 placed these verses in brackets, a decision adopted in some English translations as well (NET and the NRSV). In contrast, the ESV and the NIV include the verses in the main printed text with footnotes noting that they are omitted in certain manuscripts.

Some of the earliest witnesses, including P75, one of the correctors of Sinaiticus (א GA 01), Alexandrinus (A GA 02), Vaticanus (B GA 03), and a handful of others omit vv. 43-44 entirely. On the other hand, the verses appear in the majority of the Greek manuscripts, including a different scribal corrector of Sinaiticus (א GA 01), Bezae (D GA 05), many later majuscules, and many minuscules. In several of these manuscripts, scribes added the obelus/obelisk symbol in the margin to signal that the authenticity of the verses is uncertain.

Uniquely, an important family of manuscripts (f13) places the verses after Matt. 26:39. Many scholars believe these verses are an early addition of "a pious scribe," and some of those scholars see parallels to Jesus' temptation in Mk. 1:12-13. However, many other scholars believe these verses are original to Luke's gospel.

10/12/2026

GA 773 is a tenth-century minuscule of the Gospels containing commentary.

The codex features a fascinating range of ornamentation, including headpieces, Gospel author portraits, cruciform text, and kephalaia.

CSNTM digitized this manuscript at the National Library of Greece in 2016.

Explore the manuscript and view the images: https://collections.csntm.org/manuscripts/MNTGRCGA773

10/06/2026

Textual criticism is not a modern innovation for Biblical studies. As early as the 4th century, Saint Jerome was dealing with textual differences in the manuscripts he had available to him. Jerome is usually known as the translator behind the Latin Vulgate. He has also written several other works, many of which have come down to us from antiquity.

10/05/2026

GA 807 is a twelfth century minuscule of the Gospels, housed at the Hellenic Parliament Library in Athens, Greece.

We had the privilege of digitizing this manuscript on our Greece expedition in 2018.

Learn about the process of digitizing this manuscript, how it handles the story of the woman caught in adultery, and the commentary it contains: https://buff.ly/4bjXFIy

10/01/2026

Last week, our team had the opportunity to visit the Dunham Bible Museum, explore its library, and view several Greek New Testament manuscripts as we prepare for an exciting collaboration later this year.

Keep an eye out for more details about the project as we get closer to the start of our work!

09/29/2026

From microfilm to modern digitization.

Read Dr. Denis Salgado’s recent report to see how CSNTM is bringing manuscripts once accessible only through microfilm into the digital age.

Swipe to compare the difference, then read the full report to learn how expanding access to these manuscripts is opening new opportunities for New Testament scholarship!

Read here: https://buff.ly/ZCFFRiI

09/28/2026

P47, dating back to the 3rd century, is one of the earliest surviving copies of the Book of Revelation.

In 2013, CSNTM had the privilege of digitizing its 10 ancient leaves at Chester Beatty in Dublin, Ireland.

Explore more images in our Digital Manuscript Collection: https://collections.csntm.org/manuscripts/MNTGRCP47

09/24/2026

What did CSNTM find while digitizing Dead Sea Scroll fragments?

Our team recently returned from Oslo, Norway, where we used multispectral imaging to examine 31 artifacts purported to be Dead Sea Scroll fragments.

Our findings affirm some existing theories, challenge other assumptions, and raise new questions for Dead Sea Scroll scholarship.

One artifact may be particularly significant, potentially having major implications for Dead Sea Scrolls research and possibly representing the first known example of a Dead Sea Scroll forgery that predates 2002.

Read the full story to learn what our team found through multispectral imaging: https://buff.ly/vQFhRvT

09/23/2026

Don’t miss Dr. Wallace’s latest feature on Sean McDowell’s YouTube channel!

Together, they walk through five of the most important early New Testament manuscripts and explore what each one reveals about the history and reliability of the New Testament.

From ancient fragments to some of the earliest surviving codices, discover why these manuscripts matter and what they can tell us about the New Testament we have today.

Watch the full video and let us know what you think in the comments: https://buff.ly/gE7HnQ0

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