10/15/2026
Spina Bifida causes a neurogenic bladder in nearly all affected individuals because the spinal cord nerves that control bladder storage and emptying fail to form properly during development.
How It Affects the Bladder
• Loss of Coordination: Signals between the brain, spinal cord, and bladder muscles are disrupted, meaning the person may not feel when the bladder is full.
• Storage and Emptying Problems: The bladder may hold too little urine under high pressure (overactivity/poor compliance) or fail to empty completely (retention), which can push urine back toward the kidneys.
• Risk of Complications: Without proper management, high pressure and incomplete emptying can lead to urinary tract infections (UTIs), hydronephrosis (kidney swelling), and long-term kidney damage.
Standard Management & Treatment
• Clean Intermittent Catheterization (CIC): A soft, flexible tube is inserted regularly to drain urine safely, protect the kidneys, and help achieve continence.
• Medications: Anticholinergics (such as oxybutynin) are often prescribed to relax the bladder muscle, increase storage capacity, and lower bladder pressure.
• Proactive Monitoring: Regular tracking using kidney ultrasounds and urodynamic studies helps catch and treat changes early.
• Surgical Options: Procedures like bladder neck slings, detrusorectomy, augmentation cystoplasty, or catheterizable stomas (such as a Mitrofanoff) may be used if conservative measures are not enough.