10/08/2026
October 8, 1953–Birmingham Police Commissioner Bull Connor bars Jackie Robinson’s integrated barnstorming team from taking the field in an exhibition game.
Robinson chooses to play the game without the three white players on his team, a decision which he later regrets after being criticized in the Birmingham World, a local Black newspaper.
Photo: Pennant from Jackie Robinson’s 1953-54 barnstorming tour. Jackie Robinson Museum, gift of Rick Levy.