05/13/2026
She begins her shift before dawn - sweeping streets, cleaning latrines, no contract, no protective gear, no onsite sanitation. Her story is one thread in a much larger pattern of who gets pushed to the bottom of India's sanitation economy, and why.
As the Dalit History Month just passed, we keep asking ourselves: what has actually changed?
Caste remains the most invisible load-bearing structure in India's sanitation workforce. 97% of manual scavengers are Dalit. Within this workforce, Dalit women are concentrated in the most informal, lowest-paid, physically demanding roles - with no contracts, no PPE, no legal recourse. The sector's safety systems were built around a male worker as the default. Women were never centred in this design.
But caste doesn't operate alone. At CREA, we explore how caste intersects with gender identity, people with disability, and transgender, to shape who accesses safe sanitation, and who is made invisible by the systems meant to deliver it.
When designing programmes for women, do you centre caste inclusion, or is it an afterthought?
The Centre for Inclusive WASH at CREA explores how caste, gender identity, disability, and class together shape sanitation labour and access in India, from policy gaps to lived realities.
Link: https://centreforinclusivewash.org/themes/gender-caste-wash/
Image credit: Unsplash, Steve Rybka.