10/15/2026
Gay liberation and the sexual revolution came with an unexpected cost: a significant spike in STDs. In summer 1974, a massive syphilis outbreak hit Milwaukee, with a record-breaking 75 cases reported.
The city's Social Hygiene Clinic was already overwhelmed. But there was an even bigger problem: nobody knew exactly how big the outbreak was, because so few people were willing to be tested or diagnosed.
Most gay men would rather suffer in silence than seek care. The social consequences of seeing a doctor-- being outed, shamed, reported, arrested -- were simply too much to risk. In addition, very few out gay men had jobs that provided medical insurance, and most (if not all) closeted gay men would not share their sexual histories with their family doctors. In fact, honesty was so uncommon and unexpected that healthcare providers couldn't achieve any real sense of population health at all.
The end result? Symptoms went ignored. Treatment was delayed. Research and advancement was impossible.
If anyone sought care, it was usually a "back alley" doctor hawking dangerous "black market" drugs. Meanwhile, more and more people were getting syphilis every day.
"Specialized and separate facilities are needed.... many gay men will not use the city clinic," said Gay Peoples Union leader Alyn Hess. "These men deserve better. If the men do not feel safe with us, we must go where the men feel safe."
Hess was a lifelong advocate for sexual freedoms. He proposed that healthcare providers should be embedded within q***r spaces, i.e., the city's gay bathhouses and bars, where they could intercept sexual decision-making with a message of self-care.
This idea seems so logical and reasonable today. In 1974, it was a shocking change in the care delivery model. Some healthcare providers felt it was immoral and unethical to "support" homosexual behaviors. GPU reminded those providers that their oath applied to ALL patients -- without cost, judgement, discrimination, or injustice. As a result, Milwaukee's Club Health Spa was one of the first gay bathhouses in the entire nation with its own STD screening clinic.
GPU founded the Venereal Disease Examination Clinic (lower level, 225 E. St. Paul) with a $2,500 grant from the City of Milwaukee Health Department. These funds were expected to sustain the clinic for nine months: just enough to get through the epidemic, but not enough to become a permanent healthcare provider. The free clinic was operated in partnership with 16th Street Community Clinic, which still operates today.
GPU widely encouraged check-ups at the first sign of a symptom. Their motto was "your health is the most important thing you own." They used playful advertising in GPU News, using sexy images and sassy language, to tell the community they would be understood, accommodated, and treated without judgement. Later, GPU expanded this traveling testing program to visit Club Baths Milwaukee, The Factory and the Broadway Health Club, with a permanent home at the Farwell Center (1568 N. Farwell Ave.) from 1975-1980.
Over time, the GPU VD Clinic evolved into today's Brady East STD Clinic, which continues to deliver no-cost/low-cost, culturally competent, judgement-free sexual health and wellness services. Lessons learned at the GPU VD Clinic were incredibly important: when the AIDS crisis hit Milwaukee, it was a grass-roots team of volunteers who advanced the first known community response. The Milwaukee AIDS Project, born of BESTD, evolved into the AIDS Resource Center of Wisconsin (now Vivent Health, a national healthcare system.)
Fifty-two years ago, nobody ever imaged the dream of the GPU VD Clinic would still be alive and well in Milwaukee -- or that it would shape similar programs across the nation. We applaud the proud pioneers who took a stand for honest, accessible, high-impact LGBTQ healthcare. 🏳️🌈🏳️⚧️