06/12/2026
In the summer of 1776, as the Continental Congress prepared to vote on independence from the British Empire, a committee was formed to draft an announcement in case the vote passed. The so-called "Committee of Five" was formed on this date in 1776, and comprised of John Adams, Robert Sherman, Benjamin Franklin, Robert R. Livingston, and Thomas Jefferson.
Everyone expected Adams to write the document, but with Adams short on time and recognizing Jefferson's writing abilities, the task fell to the young Virginian. Jefferson later wrote, “I consented; I drew it; but before I reported it to the committee I communicated it separately to Dr. Franklin and Mr. Adams requesting their corrections... I then wrote a fair copy, reported it to the committee, and from them, unaltered to the Congress.” According to Jefferson, the Declaration of Independence underwent three phases: his own draft, followed by a draft edited by Franklin and Adams, and ultimately the version submitted to Congress by the Committee of Five.
Writing on a portable desk in a Philadelphia boarding house, Jefferson borrowed language from Richard Henry Lee’s independence resolution, "Resolved: That these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent States, that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved." He also was influenced by George Mason’s draft of the Virginia Declaration of Rights, “That all men are by nature equally free and independent, and have certain inherent rights, of which, when they enter into a state of society, they cannot, by any compact, deprive or divest their posterity; namely, the enjoyment of life and liberty, with the means of acquiring and possessing property, and pursuing and obtaining happiness and safety.” With the Committee’s work done by June 28, whether or not the draft was needed all depended on the upcoming vote in July.
Above the entrance to the Jefferson Memorial, a relief sculpture by artist Adolph A. Weinman depicts the Committee of Five discussing the draft of the Declaration of Independence. Inside the memorial chamber, a statue of Jefferson holding his draft of the Declaration of Independence looks out on the National Mall.
Photo by National Park Service.