06/16/2026
June is Invasive Species Action Month in Wisconsin, making it the perfect time to highlight one of Lake Wingra's most influential invaders: the common carp.
Introduced to Wisconsin in the late 1800s, carp dramatically altered Lake Wingra. As bottom-feeders, they stir up sediment, uproot aquatic plants, and release phosphorus trapped in the lakebed. The result was murky water, frequent algal blooms, and a lake that was often described as looking like pea soup throughout much of the 1900s.
In 2008 and 2009, several organizations—including Friends of Lake Wingra—joined forces to remove 6,722 carp, totaling more than 25,000 kg of fish and over half of the lake's carp population. Before the project began, researchers tracked carp movements and conducted an exclosure experiment that demonstrated just how much these fish were impacting water quality.
The results were remarkable. Water clarity improved dramatically, and Lake Wingra shifted from a turbid, algae-dominated lake to a clear-water lake filled with aquatic vegetation. Those underwater "weeds" you see today are actually a sign of a healthier ecosystem. They provide habitat for fish and wildlife, protect shorelines, and help keep sediment and nutrients from fueling algal blooms.
Today, there are good reasons to be optimistic that carp populations will remain low. The Lake Wingra dam was reconstructed to prevent carp from re-entering from other Madison lakes, and bluegill help by feeding on carp eggs.
The story of carp in Lake Wingra shows just how dramatically invasive species can transform an ecosystem—and how much work it can take to restore it. Fortunately, the carp removal was a tremendous success. More often than not, invasive species management is a long-term battle that requires ongoing effort and vigilance.
Photos by David Liebl and Mike DeVries.