04/14/2026
April 14, 1776 — John Adams and the Experiment of American Government
Two hundred and fifty years ago today, John Adams reflected on how quickly the colonies were moving from resistance to the work of government.
Writing to Abigail Adams on April 14, 1776, he predicted that “Governments will be up every where before Midsummer,” along with “an End to Royal style, Titles and Authority.” This was more than a forecast of separation. Americans were already deciding what would replace royal rule.
At first, many new governments followed familiar lines. Provincial congresses, conventions, and committees stepped into roles once held by royal governors and other imperial officials. They adapted the old framework, but without loyalty to the Crown, preserving order while redirecting authority.
But the deeper question was not simply who would govern. It was how government should be designed. The imperial crisis had exposed what many Americans saw as a weakness in the British system: too much depended on custom and restraint, and too little on clear legal structures to protect liberty. As old governments fell away, Americans were being pushed to think more deliberately about constitutions, balances, and written rules.
That made the spring of 1776 a moment of experimentation as much as revolution. While George Washington prepared the military defense from New York, Adams could see a parallel political struggle unfolding. Americans were testing what forms of government might best preserve liberty under law.
Adams also knew this process would not unfold evenly. He noted “an Aristocratical Turn” in the southern colonies. New governments would reflect differences in wealth, social structure, and power. The question was not only whether Americans would govern themselves, but what kind of self-government they would create.
Through this private letter, we see that by April 1776 the colonies were moving beyond protest. They were experimenting with new governments, rethinking political authority, and asking how liberty could be secured not just by inherited custom, but by institutions and law.
And that’s the way it was, April 14, 1776.