08/12/2026
The U.S. government is making two separate moves related to seabed mining. One is a lease sale for seabed mining off American Samoa, which is a U.S. territory, so no international sign-off needed and environmental protection compliance is limited only to U.S. laws and regulations. The other is more contentious: an attempt to permit mining exploration in international waters using an old 1980s law that's basically never been used, instead of going through the International Seabed Authority (ISA), the United Nations’ body that's spent over a decade trying to finalize rules and environmental protections for this kind of mining and still hasn't finished.
Notably, the U.S. never ratified the treaty that created the ISA, and argues that it is not bound by its rules. This could set a precedent for other countries to do the same thing. That could unravel a governance system that's supposed to apply to two-thirds of the ocean.
Seabed nodules contain cobalt, nickel, and manganese, the same stuff batteries and electronics need, and there's a real strategic case for the U.S. not depending on other countries for processing critical minerals. The administration just committed close to $3 billion toward mineral projects. But seabed mining has never actually been done at commercial scale anywhere, it's expensive, and a lot of experts think land-based sources and recycling can cover demand without going there.
From an environmental optic, we still don't know much about how deep-sea ecosystems recover from disturbance, if they do at all on any human timescale. Without that research and understanding, it is highly unlikely any deep sea mining environmental safeguards put in place with these initiatives will be effective.
Source: Earthjustice, Aug 6, 2026
📸 IUCN.org