05/22/2026
“Once let the black man get upon his person the brass letters U.S.; let him get an eagle on his button, and a musket on his shoulder, and bullets in his pocket, and there is no power on the earth or under the earth which can deny that he has earned the right of citizenship in the United States.”- Frederick Douglass
, May 22, 1863, the War Department established the Bureau of United States Colored Troops under General Order 143. This order brought all-Black state regiments into federal service in the Civil War. By the end of the Civil War, African American men made up 10% of the entire United States Army.
“Once let the black man get upon his person the brass letters U.S.; let him get an eagle on his button, and a musket on his shoulder, and bullets in his pocket, and there is no power on the earth or under the earth which can deny that he has earned the right of citizenship in the United States.”- Frederick Douglass
, May 22, 1863, the War Department established the Bureau of United States Colored Troops under General Order 143. This order brought all-Black state regiments into federal service in the Civil War. By the end of the Civil War, African American men made up 10% of the entire United States Army.
Though the Bureau ended with the war, African Americans continued to serve in the military. Under the Army Reoganization Act on July 28, 1866,over 500 United States Colored Troops (USCT) directly transferred to one of the six new all-Black regiments. By August 1866, more than 2,500 USCT veterans reenlisted becoming the nation’s first Buffalo Soldiers.
Learn more about Buffalo Soldiers from Charles Young Buffalo Soldiers National Monument
IMAGE: Library of Congress