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A genetic flip helped turn us into upright walkers. Carl Zimmer’s evo-devo story about the ilium. Gift link:
09/01/2025

A genetic flip helped turn us into upright walkers. Carl Zimmer’s evo-devo story about the ilium. Gift link:

A new study reveals some of the crucial molecular steps on the path to bipedalism.

10/24/2021

“…crowding, and diffusion were sufficient to achieve rapid spreading of Xist over the full X chromosome. Specifically, as the Xic moved from its Xa to Xi position in 3D space, Xist RNAs quickly formed a cloud around the chromosome, maintained by crowding, and were positioned to cover the surface of the full chromosome (Movie).

Simultaneously, the RNA particles initiating at the Xic diffuse through the chromosome, coating the interior regions.

A third effect occurs where RNA particles diffuse into solution around the chromosome and then enter the chromosome from surface regions distal from the Xic, allowing more rapid coating of the intermediate layer between the surface and core (‘mantle’).

Control simulations that allow RNA diffusion but do not allow conformational change of the chromosome (i.e., ‘frozen’ chromosome) show less occupancy of Xist RNA binding sites on the chromosome, suggesting the specific conformational changes undergone by the X chromosome may help optimize the process of Xist coating through the various modes of Xist RNA binding.”

To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that supports HTML5 video Movie S2. A simulation of Xist spreading during X inactivation. Time-evolution from particle-based reaction diffusion simulations demonstrate Xist RNA spreading through the core and surface...

04/03/2020

"ACE2 serves both as the entry receptor of SARS-CoV and to protect the lung from injury (Zhang et al., 2020b).

Three recent cryo-EM studies demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 spike protein directly binds to ACE2 and that the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein recognizes human ACE2 with even higher binding affinity than Spike from SARS-CoV (Walls et al., 2020; Wan et al., 2020; Wrapp et al., 2020).
...clinical-grade human recombinant soluble ACE2 (hrsACE2), which has already been tested in phase 1 and phase 2 clinical trials (Haschke et al., 2013, Khan et al., 2017), can reduce viral growth in Vero E6 [african green monkey Cercopithecus aethiops kidney epithelial cells, ATCC-CRL 1586] cells by a factor of 1,000-5,000..."

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