03/17/2026
Today is the 250th anniversary of the British evacuation of Boston on March 17, 1776. This event marked the end of the military occupation of Boston, which had been one of the major factors in the start of the American Revolution.
The Revolution started the previous April, and at the time most of Massachusetts was under the control of the patriot leaders. However, the British forces remained in Boston. The town was practically an island, which made it difficult for the Continental Army to attack it. Instead, they laid siege to Boston for 11 months, preventing any British movements by land outside of Boston.
During the winter of 1775-1776, Henry Knox led an effort to move 59 captured artillery pieces from Fort Ticonderoga in upstate New York to the vicinity of Boston. Then, on the night of March 4, the Continental Army moved the artillery - along with prefabricated fortifications - to the top of Dorchester Heights, located just south of colonial Boston.
When the British awoke the next morning, they discovered that their situation was untenable. General Howe considered a Bunker Hill-style assault on the fortifications, but he ultimately decided to evacuate the town instead.
The evacuation fleet consisted of about 120 ships with nearly 10,000 soldiers, along with over 1,200 loyalist civilians. Washington allowed the ships to leave unharmed, with the understanding that the British would not burn Boston.
The top image is an 1830s lithograph based on a sketch by artist E. T. Coke, showing the view looking towards Boston from Dorchester Heights. The Massachusetts State House is prominently visible at the top of Beacon Hill in the distance. The bottom image shows the same view in 2022. The view of Boston is now partially hidden by trees and buildings, but the summit of Dorchester Heights is now part of the Boston National Historical Park.
Historic image courtesy of the Boston Public Library.