08/22/2026
“War Is Hell, But Even Hell Has Rules: Prisoners of War Per the Lieber Code” by Kevin Donovan
The post is part of a series.
One of the many subjects addressed by the Lieber Code was the proper treatment of prisoners of war. This was among the most contentious issues arising during the Civil War. One author claims that “no controversy ever evoked such emotions as the mutual recriminations between Northern and Southern partisans over the treatment of prisoners of war…Throughout the war the complaints, charges and counter-charges, and the assertions of criminal intent fed the raging fires of propaganda.”
Indeed, the only Confederate executed after the war was Henry Wirz, the commandant at the infamous Andersonville POW camp, who was accused of war crimes over the treatment of Union POWs. Robert E. Lee was summoned before a Congressional committee that sought to uncover Lee’s knowledge of (and possible responsibility for) the suffering of U.S. POWs. Meanwhile, horrendous conditions at U.S. POW camps, including Elmira, New York (referred to as “Hellmira”) and Point Lookout, Maryland raise the question of what safeguards, if any, the Lieber Code afforded helpless non-combatants.
This post looks at what the Code had to say about this controversial POW issue. Read more on our website!
The post is part of a series. One of the many subjects addressed by the Lieber Code[1] was the proper treatment of prisoners of war. This was among the most contentious issues arising during the Civil War. One author claims that “no controversy ever evoked such emotions as the mutual recrimination...