06/12/2026
The Latino Journey of Montgomery County, Texas
A New Exhibit
Exploring the Atakapan - Speaking Peoples
Part Two
By 1690, the land that would become Montgomery County, Texas was home primarily to several clans of the Atakapan-speaking peoples - a family of related groups who inhabited southeast Texas for thousands of years. The Spanish entry in the 1690s would forever change the story of this land.
The Bidai
The Brush People
The Bidai, who referred to themselves as the Quasmigdo, were a tribe from eastern Texas. The name "Bidai" is a Caddo word meaning "brushwood". Their oral history says the Bidai were the original people in their region. The Bidai were of the Atakapan linguistic stock and lived on the middle course of the Trinity River around Bidai Creek, and to the westward and southwestward.
"The Bidai maintained a separate existence into the middle of the 19th century, when they were recorded in a village just 12 miles from the town of Montgomery, General Mier y Teran, who explored the area in the 1820s for the Mexican government, described the Bidai as "a relic of an ancient tribe" whose language was completely different from all other languages in Texas. His companion Jean Louis Berlandier concurred, describing the Bidai as "undoubtedly the oldest of the native peoples of Texas." East Texas History