10/19/2026
When foliage season ends and colorful leaves blanket the forest floor, the work of the fallen leaves is just beginning. First order of business, enjoying their satisfying crunch. But then…
🍂For amphibians and insects leaf litter creates shelter from predators and harsh weather. Many salamanders spend much of their lives hidden under the leaf layer.
🍂As fungi, bacteria, insects, and other decomposers break down fallen leaves, nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon are returned to the soil. These nutrients become available to tree roots, helping support the next generation of forest growth.
🍂Leaf litter absorbs rainfall and snowmelt, helping water slowly filter into the soil rather than rushing away. This improves nearby water quality and helps the forest retain moisture during dry periods.
🍂During harsh New Hampshire winters, leaf litter provides important insulation. The layer traps warmth and helps protect plant roots, overwintering insects, and small animals from extreme temperatures.
(📽️: Our Colleagues at The Nature Conservancy in Vermont)