06/08/2026
An 1830 receipt for the purchase of a young boy named Handy, around fifteen years old, by William Whitfield in Wake County, North Carolina was recently donated to the Billups-Garth Archival Room at the Columbus-Lowndes Public Library System.
Handy, later known as Handy Whitfield, was an enslaved boy purchased during the estate sale of Reuben Sanders on February 25, 1830. Sanders passed away on December 29, 1829. An advertisement in the Raleigh Register newspaper on January 14, 1830 posted "...SIXTY NEGROES WILL BE SOLD FOR Cash or commodation...the above slaves are very valuable, being mostly raised...of the late Reuben Sanders...."
After the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek in 1831, European Americans moved further west to states like Alabama and Mississippi. So too did the Whitfield family. By 1840, the Whitfield family, along with their enslaved, were living in Lowndes County, Mississippi. That same year, the county included 5,472 free people and 8,771 enslaved persons.
Whitfield passed away in 1854 and the enslavement of Handy passed to Whitfield's daughter, Lucy Ann Whitfield. Lucy also inherited Handy's family including his wife Mary Ann and their five children.
The first Federal Census following the American Civil War was in 1870 and captures Handy's life in that moment. He's 57 years old, working as a farmer, and living with his wife, Mary. The household also included several of their children and grandchildren including Amy, 38; Jane, 36; Washington, 12; Troy, 12; Henry, 10; Nancy, 10; Ashley, 9; and George.
By 1880, Handy is still farming and married. The children and grandchildren living in the household include Jane, 45; Elizabeth, 43; Govenor, 37; Winney Ross, 20 (granddaughter); Mary Hines, 20 (granddaughter); Nancy Blewitt, 19 (granddaughter); Sarah Ann Blewitt, 15 (granddaughter); Mitta Ross, 13 (granddaugther); Ashly Whitfield, 19 (grandson); and Troy Whitfield, 20 (grandson).
While it is unclear where Handy's final resting place is, this receipt reminds us of his life and journey. Although the events documented in the record occurred in North Carolina, the receipt is an important piece in telling of the local African American experience in Lowndes County, Miss.
And lastly, for any African American Whitfield's conducting genealogy, this document can also help break through the "genealogical wall" often hindering research beyond the American Civil War.