10/18/2026
James Madison wrote these words in The Federalist No. 51, published February 6, 1788, while New York debated whether to ratify the new Constitution. π
Writing under the pen name βPubliusβ with Alexander Hamilton and John Jay, Madison argued that because people are not angels, government needs checks and balances, with each branch able to resist the others.
Known as the Father of the Constitution, Madison later served as the fourth President. πΊπΈ
Portrait: James Madison by John Vanderlyn, 1816 (White House Collection)
Graphic hand-designed by our team; portrait brought to life using AI.