Spring Farm CARES Nature Sanctuary

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Spring Farm CARES Nature Sanctuary We are dedicated to studying the diversity of life in order to efficiently protect and restore healthy habitat for the future of our region.

October is national Leave the Leaves month! 🍂Fallen leaves are a locally abundant resource that offer myriad benefits to...
10/15/2026

October is national Leave the Leaves month! 🍂

Fallen leaves are a locally abundant resource that offer myriad benefits to the garden ecosystem: they add moisture and nutrients to the soil, provide habitat for overwintering insects, and help insulate perennial plants. And yet so often people rake them up, throw them in the garbage, and then use synthetic alternatives (fertilizer, row cloth, etc.) to compensate for what would have been freely offered by nature.

If you are interested in aligning with a more ecological paradigm and decide to leave the leaves from here on out, you have options. You can leave them where they fall, letting them compost into your lawn over the winter, or rake them into garden beds or leaf piles.

And while we’re on the topic of changing gardening habits, it’s best to leave plants intact over the winter instead of cutting them back in autumn. Lots of insects, particularly bees, rely on hollow stalks to overwinter. We wait until temperatures consistently reach around 50 degrees at night in the spring to cut back last year’s plants. Many native perennials offer structural interest in the winter garden, remaining upright even through deep snow, and their seeds provide food for resident birds.

Imagine how much biological richness could be generated by making such a small, manageable change. More robust plants growing in healthier soil, visited by more insects. Spread the word - tell a friend or neighbor - leave the leaves! 🍁

10/09/2026

Covington tries to get his father to play with him

Witch hazel (Hammamelis virginiana) and rattlesnake root (Nabalus sp.) often grow together and flower around the same ti...
10/08/2026

Witch hazel (Hammamelis virginiana) and rattlesnake root (Nabalus sp.) often grow together and flower around the same time, outcompeting even asters as the latest bloomers of the season!

Witch hazel has chandelier-like inflorescences that look and smell like they are composed of delicate strips of lemon peel.

Look for witch hazel in the understory and on the banks of shady streams. It's easy to spot when the leaves have shriveled but remain attached to the tree, a process called marcescence. Even late in the season, the scented flowers attract flies, gnats, and moths for pollination.

The rattlesnake root in this picture is growing directly beneath the witch hazel. It is probably white rattlesnake root (Nabalus altissima), known to prefer moist, shady areas. Rattlesnake roots are monocarpic perennials - they grow without flowering for many years, flower once, set seeds, and die. Note the flies on the flower. They may be a specialist fly called Ophiomyia nabali, whose larvae feed on parts of this plant.

A rainbow of fungi fruiting this week 🌈Coral fungi (Ramaria sp., subgenus Laeticolora) in a beautiful coral shade beckon...
10/06/2026

A rainbow of fungi fruiting this week 🌈

Coral fungi (Ramaria sp., subgenus Laeticolora) in a beautiful coral shade beckoning from under hemlock.

A Russula mushroom with a bite taken out of the top, giving it the appearance of a caldera.

A good year for Amanita chrysoblema, fruiting under the hemlocks

The green-cracking russula (Russula parvovirescens is one of the few taxons in the Russula genus that can be identified to a species level. They have distinctive patches on the cap surface and a lined cap margin.

At the Nature Sanctuary, the blue polypore (Neoalbatrellus caeruleoporus) fruits on hemlock hummocks in the fall. Both the cap and pores are blue, and are striking against the moss from which they emerge.

It's been a spectacular season for blewits (Collybia nuda), which appear in shades ranging from palest lilac to violet. This heart-shaped individual stopped us in our tracks and demanded to be photographed!

09/28/2026

Part of an epic single beaver grooming session last night

New England aster (Symphyotrichum novae-angliae) flowers from early September into October, and serves as an important n...
09/25/2026

New England aster (Symphyotrichum novae-angliae) flowers from early September into October, and serves as an important nectar resource for the bees and butterflies who are still very active on sunny days.

Lately, on warm afternoons, the asters have been full of long-tongued bees, honeybees, and butterflies. As one of the latest bloomers in the Northeast, they are a particularly important food source for monarchs, who sip the nectar en route to their wintering grounds in Mexico.

For some bizarre reason, some people consider New England aster a w**d, and pull it from their gardens and yards. This year we "Chelsea chopped" the asters in this photo, cutting them back in June so that they grew shorter and bushier, a great solution to integrate plants that might otherwise be unwieldy in a traditional garden setting.

Now we are rewarded with a sea of these glorious purple flowers and the beautiful creatures they support.

Fruiting this week at the Nature Sanctuary! 1. Yellowfoot chanterelles (Craterellus tubaeformis) are known to grow in mo...
09/24/2026

Fruiting this week at the Nature Sanctuary!

1. Yellowfoot chanterelles (Craterellus tubaeformis) are known to grow in moss at the base of conifers, which is exactly where we found them. Note the forked false gills, an important identification feature. Though there is only one mushroom pictured here, they were growing in a cluster. Also known as the winter chanterelle, they prefer the cold and will apparently fruit until the ground freezes.

2. This is a fungal mold, probably a type of Hypomyces, attacking a coral fungus in the genus Ramaria.

3. Lactarius subpurpureus are fruiting abundantly this year. They are mycorrhizal with hemlock, a prominent tree in many of our forested areas. Note the zones of concentric color on the cap. When the flesh is cut, it stains red. All Lactarius mushrooms exude some kind of latex, or milk, when the gills are damaged, hence the Latin name. Though these mushrooms are common and widely distributed, they don’t have a common name!

4. Turkey tail (Trametes versicolor) showing off its beautiful spectrum of colors on a sunny afternoon. Check the pores beneath to distinguish between true and false turkey tail, which actually refers to several other Trametes species that look similar. True turkey tail will have white pores; all others will not be white.

5. This adorable button-stage Amanita chrysoblema will soon grow into a tall, stately mushroom, unless it gets eaten first. They seem to be popular with slugs, squirrels, and chipmunks, who can safely consume muscimol and ibotenic acid, the main chemical constituents that render them inedible to humans. However, the analogous European species Amanita muscaria has a documented history of traditional use as a medicine and entheogen in Siberia, Scandinavia, and parts of Eastern Europe. The mushroom would be specially prepared for consumption in a way that would minimize the ibotenic acid and convert it to the more tolerable muscimol, the compound primarily responsible for the mushroom’s special effects.

Join us next Wednesday, 9/30 at 2 p.m. for a mushroom walk. Details in pinned post!

Four pictures of two species of mushroom: the edible blewit (Collybia nuda), and a potentially poisonous Cortinarius sp....
09/21/2026

Four pictures of two species of mushroom: the edible blewit (Collybia nuda), and a potentially poisonous Cortinarius sp.

One of the key differences between these mushrooms is the color of their spore prints. Blewits have a white to pale pink or buff-colored print, while Cortinarius have a dark, rusty-brown spore print. When compared side-by-side, they are unmistakable.

Other identifying features include smell and the presence of webbing. Blewits often smell like frozen orange juice concentrate, though smell alone is not enough to make a positive identification. Most Cortinarius species will have visible webbing on younger specimens. This webbing is called a cortina, and it is where the genus gets its name.

Both mushrooms grow out of soil, but blewits are saprophytes, decomposing leaf litter and woody material, while Cortinarius mushrooms form mycorrhizal relationships with trees, exchanging various nutrients for carbon.

Some Cortinarius mushrooms contain orellanine, a dangerous and deadly kidney toxin. Because the genus is so large, and members are often hard to identify to a species level, Cortinarius consumption is generally discouraged, even though orellanine-containing members of the genus seem to be rare in North America. Orellanine poisoning is particularly tricky because it takes weeks, rather than hours or days, for symptoms to appear, at which point renal failure may already be imminent.

Join us for a mushroom walk tomorrow, Tuesday 9/22/26 at 2 p.m. to learn about and admire various fungi in their natural habitats. Please sign up on Bookwhen - see pinned post for details.

09/17/2026

Tippy and kits taking treats - this is a clip from a few years ago

Amazing asters! Along with their botanical kin goldenrod, these late bloomers are the stars of the autumn landscape, pro...
09/17/2026

Amazing asters! Along with their botanical kin goldenrod, these late bloomers are the stars of the autumn landscape, providing color for us and nectar for bees, flies, and migrating monarchs well into October.

There are more than thirty species of aster in New York State, and we have at least seven of them at the Nature Sanctuary.

Pictured here are shining aster (Symphyotrichum firmum), swamp aster (Symphyotrichum puniceum), crooked-stem aster (Symphyotrichum prenanthoides), New England aster (Symphyotrichum novae-angliae), and calico aster (Symphyotrichum lateriflorum).

Shining aster and swamp aster are hard to differentiate, but their foliage, stems, and coloration are slightly different. None of the flowers shown here have a particularly strong scent, but if you rub your fingers along the backs of New England aster flower heads, you'll discover they are coated with a wonderfully fragrant spicy - resinous - citrusy sap. This sap may serve as a deterrent to herbivory.

Interestingly, we (probably) don't have any New York aster (Symphyotrichum novi-belgii) at the Sanctuary, but it's naturalized across much of Central Europe and is even considered invasive in some places.

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3364 State Route 12
Clinton, NY
13323

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