06/02/2026
Periodically, we get asked about the use of diaphragmatic pacing for breathing muscle weakness in Neuromuscular Disease (NMD) and if this may be an alternative to bi-level noninvasive ventilation. Here is what recent medical literature has to say on this.
“Diaphragmatic pacing is the use of electrical stimulation to the phrenic nerves to cause diaphragm contraction. This has been used in select individuals with chronic respiratory failure who have an intact phrenic nerve function but an inadequate central drive (e.g., congenital central hypoventilation syndrome) or during the recovery period from a high-level spinal cord injury (73,74). An intact phrenic nerve is vital for the success of this treatment option.
Two recent studies showed that diaphragmatic pacing can be an alternative treatment to using mechanical ventilation in these groups of patients (74,75). While diaphragmatic pacing has been used in select cases of NMD, the consensus and recent studies have not shown any clear survival benefit in NMD and may be harmful (76-78).”
Reference: Akpa, Bimaje, et al. “Respiratory issues and current management in Neuromuscular Diseases: A narrative review.” Journal of Thoracic Disease, vol. 16, no. 9, Sept. 2024, pp. 6292–6307, https://doi.org/10.21037/jtd-23-1931.
Full article PDF: https://jtd.amegroups.org/article/view/91050/pdf