03/04/2026
Women’s History Month Spotlight:
Kathryn Magnolia Johnson
Political Activist • Educator • Civil Rights Organizer • Author
Kathryn Johnson was born on December 15, 1878, in Darke County, Ohio, to Walter and Lucinda Jane McCown Johnson. She grew up alongside her brother, Dr. Joseph Lowery Johnson, who later became a U.S. ambassador to Liberia.
Kathryn attended high school in New Paris, Ohio, and earned her bachelor’s degree and teaching certificate from Wilberforce University. She later continued her studies at the University of North Dakota.
She began her teaching career in Ohio, North Carolina, and Kansas City. In North Carolina, she taught at the State Normal School for Negroes, and by 1906 she had become the Dean of Women at Shorter College in Little Rock, Arkansas. When the NAACP was founded in 1909, Kathryn joined as one of its first members. She served as a sales representative for the organization’s journal, The Crisis, and worked as a branch organizer, helping to establish dozens of local chapters throughout the South.
Over time, Kathryn grew critical of the NAACP for not appointing Black leaders to key positions. She left the organization and became involved with the YMCA, where she focused on supporting and organizing African American communities.
During World War I, the YMCA sent Kathryn Johnson and Addie Waites Hunton to France to examine the treatment of Black soldiers. While there, Kathryn developed a literacy program that taught soldiers—many of whom had grown up on farms without access to education—how to read and write. The Army eventually required all illiterate Black soldiers to complete her course. In 1920, she and Hunton co-authored Two Colored Women with the American Expeditionary Forces, a book documenting the conditions and discriminatory treatment Black soldiers faced while serving in France.
After returning from France, Kathryn dedicated herself to combating racial oppression through literacy activism. She launched a nationwide campaign to promote civil rights by circulating influential works by Carter G. Woodson, W. E. B. Du Bois, Benjamin Brawley, and James Weldon Johnson. Over the years, she traveled more than 9,000 miles and sold approximately 15,000 books. Her efforts illustrated both the opportunities and the challenges African American women confronted during the early 20th century.
In her later years, Kathryn lived at the Ezella Mathias Carter Home for Colored Working Women in Chicago. She passed away on November 13, 1954.