10/07/2026
Can physical activity help ADHD symptoms in kids? As someone who researches executive function, I find that exercise often comes up as a way to help improve EF. A new meta-analysis came out in June looking at physical activity and its effect on executive function, specifically in children with ADHD. While there have been many studies examining the effects of physical activity on EF, a specific focus on this subpopulation is needed.
We often think of three main components of EF: working memory, inhibition, and cognitive flexibility. Working memory helps us hold information in our brains while we do other tasks; inhibition helps us ignore distractions and regulate our thoughts/actions; and cognitive flexibility helps us transition as we switch between tasks. Children's EF skills directly impact their academics and social skills. Those with ADHD have difficulties in EF.
There has been a lot of work showing that physical activity could be an intervention for those with ADHD. What works? What type of physical activity? Could they ride a stationary bike or play soccer? Could they run sprints or cross country? How long should they do this?
A meta-analysis sought to answer these questions by looking specifically at randomized controlled trials that looked at physical activity and executive function, specifically with kids with ADHD. They found 21 studies that met their requirements to be included in the meta-analysis.
Here's what they found: physical activity helped improve all three components of executive function. They write, "These findings indicate that engaging in structured physical activity exerts a robust and broadly positive effect on executive function in children with ADHD, which is consistent with previous reports in this field."
They found that Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity was the best. There is a divide in the literature between moderate physical activity vs moderate to vigorous.
How long and how often to see improved results? "In terms of intervention duration, cycle and frequency, physical activity lasting at least 6 weeks, twice a week for 15–50 minutes per session produced the optimal improvement in inhibitory control; interventions lasting at least 6 weeks, three times a week for 15–50 minutes per session achieved the best effect on cognitive flexibility; and interventions lasting at least 6 weeks, twice a week for 60–90 minutes per session yielded the greatest improvement in working memory. Accordingly, long-term physical activity significantly improves executive function in children with ADHD, which is supported by previous evidence"
Though there were some findings that a single aerobic exercise can be beneficial in the short term, long-term physical activity is most effective. This is not to say that physical activity will "cure" ADHD. I do see it as one tool in a parent's toolbox to try with their children with ADHD. It also shows you the importance of PE and recess in schools where kids can get moving.
Citation: Chen, C., Fan, M., Yu, C., & Wan, S. (2026). Effects of different physical activity modalities on executive function in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in psychiatry, 17, 1824121.
