05/27/2023
Memorial Day marks the unofficial start of summer and honors those who have died in our nationās wars. This holiday began with the Civil War.
The Civil War was America's bloodiest conflict. The unprecedented violence of battles such as Shiloh, Antietam, Stones River, and Gettysburg shocked citizens and international observers alike. Nearly as many men died in captivity during the Civil War as were killed in the whole of the Vietnam War. Hundreds of thousands died of disease. Roughly 2% of the population, an estimated 620,000 men, lost their lives in the line of duty. Taken as a percentage of today's population, the toll would have risen as high as 6 million souls.
There were an estimated 1.5 million casualties reported during the Civil War. A "casualty" is a military person lost through death, wounds, injury, sickness, internment, capture, or through being missing in action. Approximately one in four soldiers that went to war never returned home.
In April 1865, following Lincoln's assassination, commemorations were widespread. The more than 600,000 soldiers of both sides who fought and died in the Civil War meant that burial and memorialization took on new cultural significance. Under the leadership of women during the war, an increasingly formal practice of decorating graves had taken shape.
Among the first references to the commemoration in The New York Times is an article published on June 7, 1868. It describes a note, with an accompanying wreath, by āa little girl about 10 years of ageā requesting that an official put the garland on an unknown rebel soldierās grave. Her father, she explained, was buried in Andersonville, Ga., and she hoped that āsome little girlā would do the same on his grave.
The first national observance of Memorial Day occurred on May 30, 1868. Then known as Decoration Day, the holiday was proclaimed by Commander in Chief John A. Logan of the Grand Army of the Republic to honor the Union soldiers who had died in the Civil War.
By the 1880s, ceremonies were becoming more consistent across geography as the GAR provided handbooks that presented specific procedures, poems, and Bible verses for local post commanders to utilize in planning the local event.
The name "Memorial Day", which was first attested in 1882, gradually became more common than "Decoration Day" after World War II] but was not declared the official name by federal law until 1967.