05/05/2026
On this day, 4 May 1886, the Haymarket incident took place when a bomb was thrown while police dispersed a protest against police brutality in Chicago.
The previous day, police opened fire on strikers at the nearby McCormick factory, killing four. It was part of a nationwide dispute which began on May 1 demanding an eight-hour working day.
Anarchists in Chicago, who were very numerous and influential, put out an appeal for workers to take up arms, and they and many union groups called on workers to attend a rally the following day in Haymarket Square.
Around 1200 people attended what was actually quite a subdued rally. By the end, it had started to rain, and there were only around 300 people left. As the final speaker was concluding their speech, 180 police marched in and ordered the crowd to disperse. A dynamite bomb was thrown through the air and exploded, killing one police officer and injuring others.
The police then started shooting wildly into the crowd, and each other. By the time the smoke cleared, at least seven police and four workers were dead. No one knows who threw the bomb, and police did admit to shooting their own colleagues. It is possible that some armed workers did shoot at police, but there is no concrete evidence of this.
The establishment was incensed, with the New York Times claiming that "All the evidence goes to show that it was concerted, deliberately planned, and cooly executed murder" of police by anarchists.
The incident was used to crack down on the strike, and anarchism, and ultimately, eight anarchists were charged and convicted of murder, despite the fact that many of them were nowhere near the meeting when it occurred, and there was no evidence linking any of them to the bomb. Four of them were executed, but all were later pardoned.
Learn more about the Haymarket affair, and the May Day holiday which commemorates it, in episode 85 of our podcast, available for our patreon supporters: https://www.patreon.com/posts/e85-may-day-with-103374699
Pic: An inaccurate illustration of the incident. In reality the speaker had finished speaking when the bomb was thrown. Harper’s Weekly