05/24/2026
Did You Know? The increasing height of the Flag Day Monument’s helix wall, designed by architect Steve Vasilion, is a representation of the population growth of America from 1776 until today.
When the Continental Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence in July 1776, the emerging nation was a small, overwhelmingly agrarian country of just **2.5 million people**—roughly the size of modern-day Houston, Texas!
Because the first official federal census wasn't taken until 1790, historians use tax rolls, militia rosters, and colonial records to piece together this fascinating snapshot of America in 1776:
The Powerhouse Colonies
Power and population were concentrated in the South and the mid-Atlantic. **Virginia** was the undisputed demographic titan, home to nearly 30% of the entire colonial population.
1️⃣ **Virginia:** 747,610
2️⃣ **Pennsylvania:** 434,373
3️⃣ **Massachusetts** *(incl. Maine)*: 378,787
4️⃣ **North Carolina:** 270,000
5️⃣ **Maryland:** 230,000
6️⃣ **New York:** 210,000
7️⃣ **Connecticut:** 205,000
8️⃣ **South Carolina:** 180,000
9️⃣ **New Jersey:** 125,000
🔟 **New Hampshire:** 85,000
1️⃣1️⃣ **Rhode Island:** 68,825
1️⃣2️⃣ **Delaware:** 59,094
1️⃣3️⃣ **Georgia:** 40,000
The Top 10 Urban Centers
Less than 5% of colonists lived in cities, and every single major hub was defined by maritime trade. Check out the top 10 largest cities in 1776:
1️⃣ **Philadelphia, PA** (~30,000)
2️⃣ **New York, NY** (~22,000)
3️⃣ **Boston, MA** (~16,000)
4️⃣ **Charleston, SC** (~12,000)
5️⃣ **Baltimore, MD** (~6,500)
6️⃣ **Newport, RI** (~6,500)
7️⃣ **Salem, MA** (~5,300)
8️⃣ **Providence, RI** (~4,500)
9️⃣ **Norfolk, VA** (~4,000)
🔟 **Hartford, CT** (~3,500)