Nabulola Community Health Initiative

12/09/2020

Remember COVID19 is real so please...

11/09/2020

MALENGO YA WAGENI KATIKA JICHO

Ikiwa unapata kitu kigeni katika jicho lako

1. Osha mikono yako na sabuni na maji.
Jaribu kutoa kitu nje ya jicho lako na mkondo mpole wa maji safi na ya joto. Tumia kijiti au glasi ndogo, safi ya kunywa iliyowekwa na mdomo wake ukiwa juu ya mfupa chini ya tundu la jicho lako.

2. Njia nyingine ya kuvuta kitu kigeni kutoka kwa jicho lako ni kuingia kwenye oga na kulenga mkondo mpole wa maji vuguvugu kwenye paji la uso wako juu ya jicho lililoathiriwa huku ukishikilia kope lako wazi.

3. Ikiwa umevaa lensi za mawasiliano, ni bora kuondoa lensi kabla au wakati unamwagilia uso wa jicho na maji. Wakati mwingine mwili wa kigeni unaweza kushikamana na uso wa chini wa lensi.

KUMSAIDIA MTU MWINGINE

1. Osha mikono yako na sabuni na maji.
2. Kaa mtu huyo kwenye eneo lenye taa.
3. Chunguza kwa upole jicho kupata kitu. Vuta kifuniko cha chini chini na muulize huyo mtu aangalie juu. Kisha shikilia kifuniko cha juu wakati mtu anaangalia chini.
4. Ikiwa kitu kinaelea kwenye filamu ya machozi juu ya uso wa jicho, jaribu kutumia kijidudu cha dawa kilichojazwa maji safi na ya joto ili kuitoa. Au pindua kichwa nyuma na umwagilie uso wa jicho na maji safi kutoka glasi ya kunywa au mkondo mpole wa maji ya bomba.

Tahadhari

1. Usijaribu kuondoa kitu kilichowekwa ndani ya jicho.
2. Usisugue jicho.
3. Usijaribu kuondoa kitu kikubwa ambacho kinaonekana kupachikwa kwenye jicho au kinatoka nje kati ya vifuniko.

WAKATI WA KUTAFUTA HUDUMA YA HARAKA

Pata msaada wa haraka wa matibabu ikiwa:

1. Huwezi kuondoa kitu na umwagiliaji rahisi
2. Kitu kimepachikwa kwenye jicho
3. Mtu aliye na kitu machoni anapata maono yasiyo ya kawaida
4. Maumivu, uwekundu au hisia ya kitu kwenye jicho huendelea zaidi ya masaa 24 baada ya kitu kuondolewa

Kumbuka kwamba wakati mwingine kitu kinaweza kukuna jicho lako. Mara nyingi hii huhisi kana kwamba kitu bado kiko machoni hata baada ya kitu hicho kuondolewa. Hisia hii wakati mwingine inaweza kuchukua masaa 24 kuondoka.

11/09/2020

FOREIGN OBJECTS IN THE EYE

If you get a foreign object in your eye

1. Wash your hands with soap and water.
Try to flush the object out of your eye with a gentle stream of clean, warm water. Use an eyecup or a small, clean drinking glass positioned with its rim resting on the bone at the base of your eye socket.

2. Another way to flush a foreign object from your eye is to get into a shower and aim a gentle stream of lukewarm water on your forehead over the affected eye while holding your eyelid open.

3. If you're wearing contact lenses, it's best to remove the lens before or while you're irrigating the surface of the eye with water. Sometimes a foreign body can be stuck to the undersurface of the lens.

TO HELP SOMEONE ELSE

1. Wash your hands with soap and water.
2. Seat the person in a well-lighted area.
3. Gently examine the eye to find the object. Pull the lower lid down and ask the person to look up. Then hold the upper lid while the person looks down.
4. If the object is floating in the tear film on the surface of the eye, try using a medicine dropper filled with clean, warm water to flush it out. Or tilt the head back and irrigate the surface of the eye with clean water from a drinking glass or a gentle stream of tap water.

CAUTION

1. Don't try to remove an object that's embedded in the eye.
2. Don't rub the eye.
3. Don't try to remove a large object that appears to be embedded in the eye or is sticking out between the lids.

WHEN TO SEEK EMERGENCY CARE

Get immediate medical help if:

1. You can't remove the object with simple irrigation
2. The object is embedded in the eye
3. The person with the object in the eye is experiencing abnormal vision
4. Pain, redness or the sensation of an object in the eye persists more than 24 hours after the object is removed

Keep in mind that sometimes an object can scratch your eye. This often feels as though the object is still in the eye even after the object has been removed. This sensation can sometimes take 24 hours to go away.

23/08/2020

Is it true that honey calms coughs better than cough medicine does?

Answer From Pritish K. Tosh, M.D.
Drinking tea or warm lemon water mixed with honey is a time-honored way to soothe a sore throat. But honey alone may be an effective cough suppressant, too.

In one study, children ages 1 to 5 with upper respiratory tract infections were given up to 2 teaspoons (10 milliliters) of honey at bedtime. The honey seemed to reduce nighttime coughing and improve sleep.

In fact, in the study, honey appeared to be as effective as a common cough suppressant ingredient, dextromethorphan, in typical over-the-counter doses. Since honey is low-cost and widely available, it might be worth a try.

However, due to the risk of infant botulism, a rare but serious form of food poisoning, never give honey to a child younger than the age of 1.

And remember: Coughing isn't all bad. It helps clear mucus from your airway. If you or your child is otherwise healthy, there's usually no reason to suppress a cough.

23/08/2020

Do men with a higher prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level have a worse prostate cancer prognosis?

Answer From Patricio C. Gargollo, M.D.

Yes. In most cases, a higher PSA level indicates a poorer prostate cancer prognosis.

PSA is a protein made by prostate tissue. Men with prostate cancer often have elevated PSA levels because the cancer cells make excessive amounts of this protein.

At the time of initial diagnosis of prostate cancer, the PSA level helps determine how likely it is that the cancer has spread (metastasized). It also helps determine how likely the cancer will be cured with treatment such as radiation or surgery. Your doctor also considers other factors, such as your prostate cancer stage, the grade of your cancer and your Gleason score in figuring your prognosis.

If you have been diagnosed with prostate cancer and are concerned about your prognosis, discuss your situation with your doctor.

What Is Prostate Cancer?

Cancer starts when cells in the body begin to grow out of control. Cells in nearly any part of the body can become cancer cells, and can then spread to other areas of the body. To learn more about cancer and how it starts and spreads.

Prostate cancer begins when cells in the prostate gland start to grow out of control. The prostate is a gland found only in males. It makes some of the fluid that is part of semen.

The prostate is below the bladder (the hollow organ where urine is stored) and in front of the re**um (the last part of the intestines). Just behind the prostate are glands called seminal vesicles that make most of the fluid for semen. The urethra, which is the tube that carries urine and semen out of the body through the p***s, goes through the center of the prostate.

The size of the prostate can change as a man ages. In younger men, it is about the size of a walnut, but it can be much larger in older men.

Types of prostate cancer

Almost all prostate cancers are adenocarcinomas. These cancers develop from the gland cells (the cells that make the prostate fluid that is added to the semen).

Other types of cancer that can start in the prostate include:

1. Small cell carcinomas
2. Neuroendocrine tumors (other than small cell carcinomas)
3. Transitional cell carcinomas
4. Sarcomas

These other types of prostate cancer are rare. If you are told you have prostate cancer, it is almost certain to be an adenocarcinoma.

Some prostate cancers grow and spread quickly, but most grow slowly. In fact, autopsy studies show that many older men (and even some younger men) who died of other causes also had prostate cancer that never affected them during their lives. In many cases, neither they nor their doctors even knew they had it.

Possible pre-cancerous conditions of the prostate

Some research suggests that prostate cancer starts out as a pre-cancerous condition, although this is not yet known for sure. These conditions are sometimes found when a man has a prostate biopsy (removal of small pieces of the prostate to look for cancer).

Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN)

In PIN, there are changes in how the prostate gland cells look when seen with a microscope, but the abnormal cells don’t look like they are growing into other parts of the prostate (like cancer cells would). Based on how abnormal the patterns of cells look, they are classified as:

1. Low-grade PIN: The patterns of prostate cells appear almost normal.
2. High-grade PIN: The patterns of cells look more abnormal.
3. Low-grade PIN is not thought to be related to a man’s risk of prostate cancer.

On the other hand, high-grade PIN is thought to be a possible precursor to prostate cancer. If you have a prostate biopsy and high-grade PIN is found, there is a greater chance that you might develop prostate cancer over time.

PIN begins to appear in the prostates of some men as early as in their 20s. But many men with PIN will never develop prostate cancer.

Proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA)

In PIA, the prostate cells look smaller than normal, and there are signs of inflammation in the area. PIA is not cancer, but researchers believe that PIA may sometimes lead to high-grade PIN, or perhaps directly to prostate cancer.

09/08/2020

Pregnancy after miscarriage: What you need to know

Pregnancy after miscarriage can be stressful and confusing. When is the best time to get pregnant? What are the odds of miscarrying again? Get the facts about pregnancy after miscarriage.

By NCHI Staff

Thinking about pregnancy after miscarriage? You might be anxious or confused about what caused your miscarriage and when to conceive again. Here's help understanding pregnancy after miscarriage, and the steps you can take to promote a healthy pregnancy.

What causes miscarriage?

Miscarriage is the spontaneous loss of a pregnancy before the 20th week. Many miscarriages occur because the fetus isn't developing normally. Problems with the baby's chromosomes are responsible for about 50 percent of early pregnancy loss. Most of these chromosome problems occur by chance as the embryo divides and grows, although it becomes more common as women age. Sometimes a health condition, such as poorly controlled diabetes or a uterine problem, might lead to miscarriage. Often, however, the cause of miscarriage isn't known.

About 8 to 20 percent of known pregnancies end in miscarriage. The total number of actual miscarriages is probably higher because many women miscarry before they even know that they're pregnant.

What are the odds of another miscarriage?

Miscarriage is usually a one-time occurrence. Most women who miscarry go on to have healthy pregnancies after miscarriage. A small number of women — 1 percent — will have repeated miscarriages.

The predicted risk of miscarriage in a future pregnancy remains about 20 percent after one miscarriage. After two consecutive miscarriages the risk of another miscarriage increases to about 28 percent, and after three or more consecutive miscarriages the risk of another miscarriage is about 43 percent.

When is the best time for pregnancy after miscarriage?

Miscarriage can cause intense feelings of loss. You and your partner might also experience sadness, anxiety or guilt. Don't rush the grieving process.

Typically, s*x isn't recommended for two weeks after a miscarriage to prevent an infection. You can ovulate and become pregnant as soon as two weeks after a miscarriage.

Once you feel emotionally and physically ready for pregnancy after miscarriage, ask your health care provider for guidance. After one miscarriage, there might be no need to wait to conceive. After two or more miscarriages, your health care provider might recommend testing.

Are special tests recommended before attempting pregnancy after miscarriage?

If you experience two or more consecutive miscarriages, your health care provider might recommend testing to identify any underlying causes before you attempt to get pregnant again. For example:

Blood tests.
A sample of your blood is evaluated to help detect problems with hormones or your immune system.

Chromosomal tests.
You and your partner might both have your blood tested to determine if your chromosomes are a factor. Tissue from the miscarriage — if it's available — also might be tested.

Procedures can also be done to detect uterine problems. For example:

Ultrasound.
This imaging method uses high-frequency sound waves to produce precise images of structures within your body. Your health care provider places the ultrasound device over your abdomen or places it inside your va**na to obtain images of your uterus. An ultrasound might identify uterine problems, such as fibroids within the uterine cavity

Hysteroscopy.
Your health care provider inserts a thin, lighted instrument called a hysteroscope through your cervix into your uterus to diagnose and treat identified intrauterine problems.

Hysterosalpingography.
Your health care provider threads a thin tube through your va**na and cervix to release a liquid contrast dye into your uterus and fallopian tubes. The dye traces the shape of your uterine cavity and fallopian tubes and makes them visible on X-ray images. This procedure provides information about the internal contours of your uterus and any obstructions in the fallopian tubes.

Sonohysterography.
This ultrasound scan is done after saline is injected into the hollow part of your uterus though your va**na and cervix. This procedure provides information about the inside of your uterus, the outer surface of the uterus and any obstructions in the fallopian tubes.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
This imaging test uses a magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed images of your uterus.

If the cause of your miscarriages can't be identified, don't lose hope. Most women who experience repeated miscarriages are likely to eventually have healthy pregnancies.

Is there anything that can be done to improve the chances of a healthy pregnancy?

Often, there's nothing you can do to prevent a miscarriage. However, making healthy lifestyle choices is important for you and your baby. Take a daily prenatal vitamin or folic acid supplement, ideally beginning a few months before conception. During pregnancy, limit caffeine and avoid drinking alcohol, smoking and using illicit drugs.

What emotions are likely during subsequent pregnancies?

Once you become pregnant again after miscarriage, you'll likely feel joyful — as well as anxious. While becoming pregnant again can be a healing experience, anxiety and depression could continue even after the birth of a healthy child.

Talk about your feelings and allow yourself to experience them fully. Turn to your partner, family and friends for comfort. If you're having trouble coping, consult your health care provider or a counselor for extra support.

09/08/2020

Together lets fight Diabetes!!!

07/08/2020

04/08/2020

Pregnancy after 35: Healthy moms, healthy babies

Are you considering pregnancy after 35? Understand the issues for older mothers — and know what it takes to have a healthy pregnancy.

By Hospital Staff
If you're older than age 35 and hoping to get pregnant, you're in good company. Many women are delaying pregnancy well into their 30s and beyond — and delivering healthy babies. Taking special care can help give your baby the best start.

Understand the risks

The biological clock is a fact of life, but there's nothing magical about age 35. It's simply an age at which various risks become more discussion worthy. For example:

It might take longer to get pregnant. You're born with a limited number of eggs. As you reach your mid- to late 30s, your eggs decrease in quantity and quality. Also, older women's eggs aren't fertilized as easily as younger women's eggs. If you are older than age 35 and haven't been able to conceive for six months, consider asking your health care provider for advice.

You're more likely to have a multiple pregnancy.
The chance of having twins increases with age due to hormonal changes that could cause the release of multiple eggs at the same time. The use of assisted reproductive technologies — such as in vitro fertilization — also can play a role.

You're more likely to develop gestational diabetes.
This type of diabetes, which occurs only during pregnancy, is more common as women get older. Tight control of blood sugar through diet and physical activity is essential. Sometimes medication is needed, too. Left untreated, gestational diabetes can cause a baby to grow significantly larger than average — which increases the risk of injuries during delivery. Gestational diabetes can also increase the risk of premature birth, high blood pressure during pregnancy, and complications to your infant after delivery.

You're more likely to develop high blood pressure during pregnancy. Research suggests high blood pressure that develops during pregnancy is more common in older women. Your health care provider will carefully monitor your blood pressure and your baby's growth and development. You will need more frequent obstetric appointments and you might need to deliver before your due date to avoid complications.

You're more likely to have a low birth weight baby and a premature birth.
Premature babies, especially those born earliest, often have complicated medical problems.

You might need a C-section.
Older mothers have a higher risk of pregnancy-related complications that might lead to a C-section delivery. An example of a complication is a condition in which the placenta blocks the cervix (placenta previa).
The risk of chromosome abnormalities is higher. Babies born to older mothers have a higher risk of certain chromosome problems, such as Down syndrome.

The risk of pregnancy loss is higher. The risk of pregnancy loss — by miscarriage and stillbirth — increases as you get older, perhaps due to pre-existing medical conditions or fetal chromosomal abnormalities. Research suggests that the decrease in the quality of your eggs, combined with an increased risk of chronic medical conditions such as high blood pressure and diabetes, could increase your risk of miscarriage. Ask your health care provider about monitoring your baby's well-being during the last weeks of pregnancy

While further research is needed, studies suggest that men's ages at the time of conception — the paternal age — also might pose health risks for children.

Make healthy choices
Taking good care of yourself is the best way to take care of your baby. Pay special attention to the basics:

Make a preconception appointment. Talk to your health care provider about your overall health and discuss lifestyle changes that might improve your chances for a healthy pregnancy and baby. Address any concerns you might have about fertility or pregnancy. Ask about how to boost the odds of conception — and options if you have trouble conceiving.
Seek regular prenatal care. Regular prenatal visits help your health care provider monitor your health and your baby's health. Mention any signs or symptoms that concern you. Talking to your health care provider is likely to put your mind at ease.

Eat a healthy diet. During pregnancy, you'll need more folic acid, calcium, iron, vitamin D and other essential nutrients. If you're already eating a healthy diet, keep it up. A daily prenatal vitamin — ideally starting a few months before conception — can help fill any gaps.

Gain weight wisely. Gaining the right amount of weight can support your baby's health — and make it easier to shed the extra pounds after delivery. Work with your health care provider to determine what's right for you.

Stay active. Regular physical activity can help ease or even prevent discomfort, boost your energy level and improve your overall health. It can also help you prepare for labor and childbirth by increasing your stamina and muscle strength. Get your health care provider's OK before starting or continuing an exercise program, especially if you have an underlying condition.

Avoid risky substances. Alcohol, to***co and illegal drugs are off-limits during pregnancy. Clear any medications or supplements with your health care provider ahead of time.

Learn about prenatal testing for chromosomal abnormalities. Ask your doctor about prenatal cell-free DNA (cfDNA) screening, a method to screen for certain chromosomal abnormalities in a developing baby. During prenatal cell-free DNA screening, DNA from the mother and fetus is extracted from a maternal blood sample and screened for the increased chance for specific chromosome problems, such as Down syndrome, trisomy 13 and trisomy 18. Diagnostic tests such as chorionic villus sampling and amniocentesis can also provide information about your baby's chromosomes or the risk of specific chromosomal abnormalities, but also carry a slight risk of miscarriage. Your health care provider can help you weigh the risks and benefits.
Look toward the future

The choices you make now — even before conception — can have a lasting effect on your baby. Think of pregnancy as an opportunity to nurture your baby and prepare for the exciting changes ahead.

31/07/2020

Treating COVID-19 at home: Care tips for you and others

Providing care at home for a person sick with COVID-19? Or caring for yourself at home? Understand when emergency care is needed and what you can do to prevent the spread of infection.

If you have coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and you're caring for yourself at home or you're caring for a loved one with COVID-19 at home, you might have questions. How do you know when emergency care is needed? How long is isolation necessary? What can you do to prevent the spread of germs? How can you support a sick loved one and manage your stress? Here's what you need to know.

At-home treatment

Most people who become sick with COVID-19 will only experience mild illness and can recover at home. Symptoms might last a few days, and people who have the virus might feel better in about a week. Treatment is aimed at relieving symptoms and includes rest, fluid intake and pain relievers.

Follow the doctor's recommendations about care and home isolation for yourself or your loved one. Talk to the doctor if you have any questions about treatments. Help the sick person get groceries and any medications and, if needed, take care of his or her pet.

It's also important to consider how caring for a sick person might affect your health. If you are older or have an existing chronic medical condition, such as heart or lung disease or diabetes, you may be at higher risk of serious illness with COVID-19. You might consider isolating yourself from the sick person and finding another person to provide care.

Emergency warning signs

Carefully monitor yourself or your loved one for worsening symptoms. If symptoms appear to be getting worse, call the doctor.

If you or the person with COVID-19 experiences emergency warning signs, medical attention is needed immediately. Call 911 or your local emergency number if the sick person can't be woken up or you notice any emergency signs, including:

Trouble breathing
Persistent chest pain or pressure
New confusion
Bluish lips or face
Protecting others if you're ill

If you're ill with COVID-19, you can help prevent the spread of infection with the COVID-19 virus.

Stay home from work, school and public areas unless it's to get medical care.
Avoid using public transportation, ride-sharing services or taxis.

Stay isolated in one room, away from your family and other people, as much as possible. This includes eating in your room. Open windows to keep air circulating. Use a separate bathroom, if possible.

Avoid shared space in your home as much as possible. When using shared spaces, limit your movements. Keep your kitchen and other shared spaces well ventilated. Stay at least 6 feet (2 meters) away from your family members.

Clean often-touched surfaces in your separate room and bathroom, such as doorknobs, light switches, electronics and counters, every day.
Avoid sharing personal household items, such as dishes, towels, bedding and electronics.
Wear a face mask when near others. Change the face mask each day.

If wearing a face mask isn't possible, cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or elbow when coughing or sneezing. Afterward, throw away the tissue or wash the handkerchief.
Frequently wash your hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, or use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer that contains at least 60% alcohol.

Protecting yourself while caring for someone with COVID-19

To protect yourself while caring for someone with COVID-19, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO) recommend:

Keep your hands clean and away from your face. Frequently wash your hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, especially after being in close contact or in the same room as the sick person. If soap and water aren't available, use a hand sanitizer that contains at least 60% alcohol. Avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth.

Consider wearing a face mask. If you need to be in the same room with the person who is ill and he or she isn't able to wear a face mask, wear a face mask. Stay at least 6 feet (2 meters) away from the ill person. Don't touch or handle your mask while you are using it. If your mask gets wet or dirty, replace it with a clean, dry mask. Throw away the used mask and wash your hands.

Clean your home frequently. Every day, use household cleaning sprays or wipes to clean surfaces that are often touched, including counters, tabletops and doorknobs. Avoid cleaning the sick person's separate room and bathroom. Set aside bedding and utensils for the sick person only to use.

Be careful with laundry. Don't shake dirty laundry. Use regular detergent to wash the sick person's laundry. Use the warmest setting you can. Wash your hands after putting clothes in the dryer. Thoroughly dry clothes. If you are handling clothing that has been soiled by the sick person, wear disposable gloves and keep the items away from your body. Wash your hands after removing the gloves. Place dirty gloves and masks in a waste bin with a lid in the sick person's room. Clean and disinfect clothes hampers and wash your hands afterward.

Be careful with dishes. Wear gloves when handling dishes, cups or utensils used by the sick person. Wash the items with soap and hot water or in the dishwasher. Clean your hands after taking off the gloves or handling used items.

Avoid direct contact with the sick person's bodily fluids. Wear disposable gloves and a face mask when providing oral and respiratory care and when handling stool, urine or other waste. Wash your hands before and after removing your gloves and mask. Don't reuse your mask or gloves.

Avoid having unnecessary visitors in your home. Don't allow visitors until the sick person has completely recovered and has no signs or symptoms of COVID-19.

Ending isolation

Talk to the doctor about when to end home isolation, especially if you have a weakened immune system. The CDC recommends the following guidelines for ending home isolation after you think or know you had COVID-19.

If you won't have a test to determine if you're still contagious, you can leave your sick room or home if at least 24 hours have passed with no fever without the use of fever-reducing medicine, other symptoms have improved, and at least 10 days have passed since your symptoms started.

If you'll be tested to determine if you're still contagious, you can leave your sick room or home if you no longer have a fever without the use of fever-reducing medicine, other symptoms have improved, and you've had two negative tests in a row, 24 hours apart. However, testing isn't available in all areas.
The WHO also recommends that, as the sick person's caregiver, you monitor your health for 14 days after the start of the sick person's symptoms.

Coping with caregiving stress

As you or your loved one recover, seek emotional support. Stay connected to others through texts, phone calls or videoconferences. Share your concerns. Avoid too much COVID-19 news. Rest and focus on enjoyable activities, such as reading, watching movies or playing online games.

As you take care of a loved one who is ill with COVID-19, you might feel stressed too. You might worry about your health and the health of the sick person. This can affect your ability to eat, sleep and concentrate, as well as worsen chronic health problems. It may also increase your use of alcohol, to***co or other drugs.

If you have a mental health condition, such as anxiety or depression, continue with your treatment. Contact your doctor or mental health professional if your condition worsens.

To care for yourself, follow these steps:

Maintain a daily routine, including showering and getting dressed.
Take breaks from COVID-19 news, including social media.
Eat healthy meals and stay hydrated.
Exercise.
Get plenty of sleep.
Avoid use of drugs and alcohol.
Stretching, breathe deeply or meditate.
Focus on enjoyable activities.
Connect with others and share how you are feeling.
Caring for yourself can help you cope with stress. It will also help you be able to support your loved one's recovery.