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20/02/2024

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For circadian rhythms in humans, a specific region of the brain—the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the hypothalamus—is...
30/01/2024

For circadian rhythms in humans, a specific region of the brain—the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the hypothalamus—is where the magic happens. Scientists hypothesize, based on studies of mice and flies, that an accumulation of proteins is responsible for governing this mechanism. Those molecules, some of which are called CLOCK proteins, gather throughout the day and activate genes that keep us awake.

CLOCK proteins may also create their own off switches. Based on the mouse and fly research, CLOCK proteins cause other inhibiting proteins to slowly build throughout the day. Finally, around dusk, these other proteins overpower the genes that activate CLOCK and make us sleep. The cycle continues: During the night, CLOCK, now low, starts to increase—signaling us to wake up and start the process all over again.

Circadian rhythms are based on this feedback loop inside our brains, but our environment informs our clocks, too. “True circadian rhythm is internally generated,” says Duffy, but external factors “synchronize our internal rhythms to the external world.”

Our circadian system is like an internal clock that regulates sleeping, waking, and other cyclic behaviors, says Jeanne ...
30/01/2024

Our circadian system is like an internal clock that regulates sleeping, waking, and other cyclic behaviors, says Jeanne Duffy, associate professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School. “The circadian system helps us be optimally ready for regular changes in our behavior that happen every day,” says Duffy. These rhythms essentially follow a 24-hour cycle: The term itself comes from the Latin phrase circa diem, which means “about a day.” For some people, especially women, the clock may be slightly off by a few minutes.

We have other clocks, too, that influence our bodily processes. Some lead to seasonal rhythms, others are annual, and a few are even lunar, Duffy says. Most living beings, all the way down to unicellular organisms, use circadian rhythms as regulators.

Two times a year, most Americans face a one-hour time change. Small as it might be, it can still create major hiccups in...
30/01/2024

Two times a year, most Americans face a one-hour time change. Small as it might be, it can still create major hiccups in our daily lives. In March, we wake up exhausted and stumble out the door what feels like an hour earlier—only to be confused when, at the end of the day, it’s time to go to sleep, but we’re wide awake. And in November, we spring out of bed grateful for the extra hour of zzzs standard time has given us, and then remember what it’s like to commute home in the dark.

Although more than 60 percent of Americans want to see this time-switching system done away with, we aren’t there yet. Earlier this year, the Senate unanimously voted to make daylight saving time permanent, but the Sunshine Protection Act has yet to be voted on in the House. Meanwhile, the biannual time changes cause residents of 48 states to face circadian misalignment. That, essentially, means our internal clocks are out of whack.

Circadian misalignment isn’t rare. Being too much of a night owl may be enough to become misaligned. Daylight saving can kickstart this—but so can the choices we make every day. To combat the effects of daylight saving and other biological clock disorientations, the key is to understand our circadian system.

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Володимирська вулиця, 12В, Київ
Kyiv

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+19023334342

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