05/09/2023
The earth hit its hottest temperature recorded in history this summer in July 2023. Hottest, driest, wettest, coldest… with earth breaking its own record each year, the climate crisis is no longer ignorable. Some places of the world experience greater impacts than others. Sierra Leone’s annual temperatures are increasing by 0.8C degrees and are expected to increase by 1.0 to 2.6C degrees by the 2060s. While climate scientists warn that a 1.5-degree increase would be catastrophic, Sierra Leone’s rapid temperature rise is causing life-threatening issues for both the local communities and the wildlife.
One major influence propelling and extenuating the impacts of climate change among communities and wildlife in Sierra Leone is the heavy deforestation. According to Global Forest Watch, Sierra Leone has lost 1.94 Mha of tree cover since 2000, accounting for a 35% decrease in tree coverage and 920 Mt of CO₂ emissions which is equivalent to charging over 100 million phones. The loss of tree cover further perpetuates Co2 emissions through increased wildfire, agricultural expansion, wood extraction, and fast industrialization.
Hotter, drier weather coupled with increased frequency and intensity of floods also accentuates the problem caused by deforestation. During the Freetown flood earlier this year in May 2023, Mayor Yvonne Aki-Sawyerr commented that “Deforestation of the hillsides’ surrounding Freetown is one of the major causes of flooding”, depicting deforestation as a core issue. Floodlist reports that over 300 people died in the 2017 flood alone. Deforestation also creates significant wildlife habitat disturbance and threatens the existence of Chimpanzees, Pygmy Hippopotamus, and African Forest Elephants.
As a country with a historic wealth of some of the most endangered wildlife species, Sierra Leone’s pathway forward in preventing further deforestation and increasing reforestation is not only vital to the preservation and sustainability of human and wildlife communities, it will ground Sierra Leone’s unique position in global sustainability efforts.