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SMSHS Science Club

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SMSHS Science Club

Greetings! This is the official page of the San Mateo Senior High School Science Club. Where every learner is scientifically literate.

13/08/2026

𝙁𝙪𝙣 𝙁𝙖𝙘𝙩! 🐚🪸 The 𝐌𝐢𝐝-𝐎𝐜𝐞𝐚𝐧 𝐑𝐢𝐝𝐠𝐞 𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐝𝐬 𝐚𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐞𝐭 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐫 40,000 𝐦𝐢𝐥𝐞𝐬 (65,000 𝐤𝐦) —making it 𝒇𝒐𝒖𝒓 𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆𝒔 𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈𝒆𝒓 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑨𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒔, 𝑹𝒐𝒄𝒌𝒊𝒆𝒔, 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑯𝒊𝒎𝒂𝒍𝒂𝒚𝒂𝒔 𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒃𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒅. Because women were banned from research vessels at the time—𝑴𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒆 𝑻𝒉𝒂𝒓𝒑 𝒎𝒂𝒑𝒑𝒆𝒅 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈𝒆𝒔𝒕 𝒎𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒕𝒂𝒊𝒏 𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒊𝒏 𝒐𝒏 𝑬𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒉 without setting foot on a research ship for the first 18 years of her work. Tharp sat at a desk in New York with thousands of paper sonar logs, meticulously calculating and drawing every peak and valley by hand until she revealed the 𝒖𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒓𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒓𝒊𝒇𝒕 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒗𝒆𝒅 𝒐𝒖𝒓 𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒏𝒆𝒕'𝒔 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒔 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒎𝒐𝒗𝒊𝒏𝒈! 🌊🫧🪸

𝐓𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐲𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐤𝐧𝐨𝐰𝐥𝐞𝐝𝐠𝐞! 🐋🦑

Which scientist's mapping of the ocean floor helped provide evidence for the theory of plate tectonics by revealing the Mid-Ocean Ridge?

A. Sylvia Earle
B. Marie Tharp
C. Rachel Carson
D. Jacques Cousteau

🖋️: Precious Heart D. Bartolini & Khianna Marie T. Derepite
🖼️: Charles Baylon | Graphic Editor

12/08/2026

🌊 HOW FAR DOES THE OCEAN GO? TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE! 🌏

Back in 2019, explorer Victor Vescovo made history when he dove all the way down to the hadal zone which is 10,928 meters the absolute deepest point of the Mariana Trench! Just to imagine how crazy that is. If you flipped Mount Everest upside down and dropped it there, it would still be completely underwater, with over 2km of ocean left above it 😱

At that depth, there is zero sunlight, it’s nearly freezing, and the pressure is strong enough to crush almost anything. Scientists divide the ocean into different zones by depth so can you guess which one he reached?

𝙁𝙪𝙣 𝙁𝙖𝙘𝙩! 🐋🔱
Earth’s deepest layer (6,000–11,000m), named after Hades. It’s pitch-black, freezing, and pressure is 1,000x stronger than sea level yet tiny tough creatures still live here! 🐟✨

ʟᴇᴛ’ꜱ ᴛᴇꜱᴛ ʏᴏᴜʀ ᴋɴᴏᴡʟᴇᴅɢᴇ! 📚📝

In 2019, Victor Vescovo dived to the deepest part of the ocean, reaching a depth of 10,928 meters (35,853 feet). What oceanic zone did he reach?

A. Bathypelagic Zone

B. Mesopelagic Zone

C. Hadal Zone

D. Abyssopelagic Zone

🖋️: Precious Faith Barbacena & Jhon Kurt Xavier C. Digol
🖼️: Charles Baylon | Graphic Editor

11/08/2026

🌊 𝐍𝐨𝐭 𝐣𝐮𝐬𝐭 𝐜𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐫𝐟𝐮𝐥 𝐫𝐨𝐜𝐤𝐬!

At first glance, coral reefs might look like giant underwater rocks or plants, but they're actually built by thousands of tiny living animals called coral polyps!

Over time, these tiny creatures create massive reef structures that become home to about 25% of all marine species, even though coral reefs cover less than 1% of the ocean floor.

🌿 Coral reefs are often called the "rainforests of the sea" because they are full of life. They protect coastlines from strong waves, support fishing communities, and even help scientists discover new medicines.

But Sadly, coral reefs are being threatened by pollution, overfishing, and climate change. Rising ocean temperatures can cause coral bleaching, making it difficult for corals to survive.

In the end, coral reefs are more than just beautiful underwater land scapes they're one of the most important ecosystems on Earth. Protecting them means protecting countless marine species and the health of our oceans.

🖋️: Amanda Geralde & Mauine Patricio | Members
🖼️: Celine Glycel Salazar | Assistant Graphic Editor

07/08/2026

Salinity 🌊
Salt in the ocean sounds simple enough, but it's doing more work than we give it credit for. Seawater sits at around 35 parts per thousand salt on average, and that's basically what keeps the whole system moving—currents, temperature, balance. Throw in rain, melting ice, or a hot summer ☀️, and that number shifts. Somehow, the ocean always finds its way back to equilibrium.

What gets me is how much rides on something so easy to overlook. Plankton depend on it. So do the biggest animals in the sea 🐋, and pretty much everything in between. Salt isn't the flashy part of the ocean's story, but it might be the part holding the rest of it together.

🖋️: Zak Gañas & Joice Patangan
🖼️: Celine Glycel Salazar | Asst. Graphic Editor

06/08/2026

🌊Did you know? The strongest underwater earthquake ever recorded triggered a tsunami that crossed the entire Pacific Ocean! 😱🌎

🌍 An underwater earthquake happens when tectonic plates move beneath the ocean floor, releasing energy that can cause tsunamis and threaten coastal communities. 🌋

📖 On May 22, 1960, the Valdivia Earthquake struck off the coast of Chile with an incredible magnitude of 9.5—the strongest earthquake ever recorded in history. 🌎⚠️

The 1960 Valdivia Earthquake (Magnitude 9.5) generated a tsunami that propagated across the entire Pacific Ocean. Which geological mechanism is the primary factor behind this event’s exceptional reach and intensity?

A ) Extreme depth of the epicenter within the Peru-Chile Trench
B ) Large-scale vertical uplift of the oceanic plate along a subduction zone
C ) Accumulated energy release from a mid-ocean transform fault boundary
D ) Secondary seafloor collapse triggered by post-seismic subsidence

🖋️: Aldrige Dave T. Dosayla & Beatrice S. Arimbay
🖼️: Celine Glycel C. Salazar | Asst. Graphic Editor

05/08/2026

✨ Did You Know? ✨
While the Toba Caldera in Sumatra takes the title of the largest volcanic caldera on land, there is an equally impressive and far larger formation that sits submerged underwater. This massive underwater caldera is currently acknowledged by experts as the biggest of its kind beneath the ocean surface, making it one of the most fascinating geological records we have.

The largest known volcanic caldera on land is the Toba Caldera in Sumatra, Indonesia. What is currently recognized as the largest known underwater caldera?

A. Apolaki Caldera

B. Kamaʻehuakanaloa

C. Vailuluʻu Caldera

D. Kolumbo Caldera

🖋️: Audien Mrieze R. Aquino & Jomarie Niño B. Ecaldre
🖼️: Celine Glycel Salazar | Asst. Graphic Editor

03/08/2026

‎🌊 𝗦𝗲𝗮-𝗿𝗶𝗼𝘂𝘀𝗹𝘆, 𝘄𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗶𝗳 𝗜 𝘁𝗼𝗹𝗱 𝘆𝗼𝘂 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗱𝗲𝗲𝗽𝗲𝘀𝘁 𝗺𝘆𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗲𝘀 𝗼𝗻 𝗘𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗵 𝗮𝗿𝗲𝗻'𝘁 𝗶𝗻 𝘀𝗽𝗮𝗰𝗲... 𝘁𝗵𝗲𝘆'𝗿𝗲 𝗯𝗲𝗻𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗵 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘄𝗮𝘃𝗲𝘀? 🤯🌊
‎
‎The ocean covers over 70% of our planet, yet more than 80% of it remains unexplored. Hidden beneath its surface are breathtaking ecosystems, incredible marine life, powerful currents, and even the deepest place on Earth—the Mariana Trench. 🌍💙
‎
‎𝗧𝗵𝗶𝘀 𝗶𝘀 𝘄𝗵𝗲𝗿𝗲 𝗼𝗰𝗲𝗮𝗻𝗼𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗽𝗵𝘆 𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗲𝘀 𝗶𝗻! Oceanography is the scientific study of the ocean, helping us understand its waters, marine life, seafloor, currents, and its role in shaping Earth's climate.
‎
‎🤔 𝗦𝗼... 𝗵𝗼𝘄 𝗱𝗼 𝘄𝗲 𝗲𝘅𝗽𝗹𝗼𝗿𝗲 𝘀𝗼𝗺𝗲𝘁𝗵𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝘄𝗲'𝘃𝗲 𝗯𝗮𝗿𝗲𝗹𝘆 𝘀𝗲𝗲𝗻?
‎
‎From research ships and satellites to underwater robots (ROVs), sonar technology, and scuba diving, oceanographers use remarkable tools to uncover the ocean's greatest mysteries.
‎
‎Yet the race to discover the ocean comes with a challenge. Even as we continue to learn more about it, our oceans are already facing plastic pollution, climate change, overfishing, coral reef destruction, ocean acidification, habitat loss, and the decline of marine life.
‎
‎After all, the ocean provides about 50% of the oxygen we breathe and helps regulate Earth's climate. The more we understand it, the better we can protect it—for ourselves and for generations to come.
‎
‎🌊 𝗗𝗶𝘃𝗲 𝗶𝗻. 𝗗𝗶𝘀𝗰𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗿 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘂𝗻𝗸𝗻𝗼𝘄𝗻. 𝗣𝗿𝗼𝘁𝗲𝗰𝘁 𝘄𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗺𝗮𝘁𝘁𝗲𝗿𝘀.
‎
‎Sources:
‎https://catalinaseacamp.org/blog/what-is-oceanography-and-how-do-we-study-it/
‎
‎https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/topics/ocean
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‎https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/ocean-oxygen.html
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‎https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariana_Trench
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‎🔎: Sixta, Cassandra Judell | Science Club Member
‎🖼️: San Juan, Mikaela Angela | Science Club Member
‎✒️: Romero, Kim Allyson | Science Club Member

31/07/2026

Spent billions of dollars and synced telescopes across the globe just to get a picture that looks like a blurry orange bagel. Modern art, but make it astrophysics. 🍩📸

Can you guess where this cosmic void is hiding? Lock in your answer below!
‎
Q: In 2019, the Event Horizon Telescope captured the first ever direct image of a black hole's shadow. Which galaxy was this black hole located in?

A. The Milky Way (Sagittarius)
B. Andromeda (M31)
C. Messier 87 (M87)
D. The Triangulum Galaxy

🖋️: Gabriel Velasco & Ilaija Enguerra
‎🖼️: Charles Baylon | Graphic Editor

30/07/2026

‎“𝙏𝙝𝙚 𝙘𝙤𝙢𝙚𝙩 𝙩𝙝𝙖𝙩 𝙠𝙚𝙥𝙩 𝙞𝙩𝙨 𝙥𝙧𝙤𝙢𝙞𝙨𝙚.” ☄️
‎
‎Some comets pass through our skies only once, while others return after years of traveling through space. But one comet is different, it has been returning to our skies for generations.
‎
‎Which comet returns to the inner Solar System approximately every 76 years?

‎A. Comet Encke
‎B. Comet Hale-Bopp
‎C. Halley’s Comet
‎D. Biela's Comet
‎
‎🖋️: Justin Brin Angeles & Jarred Enriquez
‎🖼️: Charles Baylon | Graphic Editor

29/07/2026

The night sky was the original “maps” app 😌✨before compasses and GPS, people just looked up and trusted the constellations to keep them on track. Stars weren’t just there for the vibe, they were quiet guides helping travelers figure out where north was on those long, dark nights. 🌌🧭

Before compasses became common‚ people in the northern hemisphere often looked up at the night sky for direction. Which constellations helped them find north?

A. Orion
B. Ursa Major (Big Dipper)
C. Scorpius
D. Cassiopeia

🖋️: Nicole Villanueva & Norris Lance Espiritu
🖼️: Charles Baylon | Graphic Editor

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