08/02/2026
On February 7, 1986, the snap election for president and vice president in the Philippines was conducted, a year ahead of the schedule provided for in the 1973 Constitution. Although the ballots were still cast manually (that is, through writing), the vote tabulation was already computerized - a system which made its Philippine debut in the 1984 Regular Batasang Pambansa election.
Three months earlier, President Ferdinand Marcos, Sr. announced on American television (broadcasted also in the Philippines through state television) the holding of elections on January 17, 1986, a full year before the constitutionally mandated date, and the anniversary of the official lifting of Martial Law. This schedule was eventually moved to February 7.
The opposition, led by the umbrella coalition called United Nationalist Democratic Organization (UNIDO), may have been taken by surprise as much as the nation was at the time, since they have yet to consolidate their energies for a presidential campaign against Marcos, and would therefore have to fast track their preparations for the election. Former Senator Eva Estrada Kalaw, previously nominated as the Liberal Party's presidential candidate on November 9, 1985, days after the snap election announcement, gave way to Corazon "Cory" Aquino when the latter's prospects of running for president became clear by December.
However, Kalaw did not yield to Salvador "Doy" Laurel for the vice presidency, leading her to run a third-party vice presidential campaign that carried Aquino as her president (although there were factions which favored instead a Marcos-Kalaw tandem, such as Kalaw's friend and then San Juan Mayor Joseph Ejercito Estrada, who regarded Kalaw as his "atsing"). Laurel was chosen to be the UNIDO presidential candidate on June 12, 1985, prior to Marcos's snap election declaration, and Aquino's announcement to run for president, but Kalaw accused Laurel of hijacking the opposition for claiming the UNIDO endorsement for the Aquino-Laurel tandem without convening the national convention to formally nominate them. Nonetheless, the official UNIDO standard bearers would eventually be Aquino and Laurel.
Marcos, for his part, sought an independent to balance his ticket. The administration's umbrella coalition Kilusang Bagong Lipunan (KBL) found their vice presidential candidate in Former Senator Arturo Tolentino, who in 1978 was denied of topping the Interim Batasang Pambansa polls in Metro Manila despite leading the pre-election surveys (Imelda Marcos eventually topped the Metro Manila polls, while the opposition Lakas ng Bayan or LABAN led by Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino, Jr. won no seats). Another tandem to challenge the 1986 election came from the growing Evangelical Christian movement in the Philippines. Businessman Narciso Padilla campaigned for the presidency, while broadcaster and pastor Roger "Bomba" Arienda became Padilla's running mate. Having the moniker "Born Again Leaders", they emphasized the nation's need for truth, order, and righteousness. Then again, their campaign did not gain as much public traction as the previously mentioned contenders.
To recall, in an earlier survey done by the Bishops-Businessmen’s Conference for Human Development (BBC) in June-July 1985, Marcos's lead over the prospective opposition candidates was commanding, with 52 percent believing that he would be reelected. While Salvador "Doy" Laurel and Jovito "Jovy" Salonga were behind in double digits, UNIDO's future standard bearer Corazon "Cory" Aquino was only at 8 percent in voters' preference.
The Marcos Sr. Administration may have also taken the prevailing numbers leading to 1986 into account, which showed the president having a moderately high net satisfaction of +19. Put in context of succeeding administrations, this was higher than Cory Aquino's +10 during her last year of office (1991), Joseph Ejercito Estrada's +13 (2000), and Gloria Macapagal Arroyo's -31 (2009).
Learn more about the 1986 snap election: https://history-ph.blogspot.com/2016/11/marcos-pa-rin-winner-of-1986-philippine.html
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